英语第3册PDF电子书下载

CONTENTS 1

Lesson 1 What Is Mathematics? 1

Reading Material:This Is Mathematics 9

Lesson 2 The Birth and Growth of Measurement 13

Reading Material:The Story of Units o Length 21

Lesson 3 Geometry 27

Reading Material:The Circle-Measurements by The Ancient Chinese Mathematieians 37

Lesson 4 Isaac Newton and Grottried Wilhelm Leibniz 42

Reading Material:Karl Friedrich Gauss and René Descartes 52

Lesson 5 Using Statistics Today and Tomorrow 60

Reading Material:Statistics:Making Sense Out of Data 68

Lesson 6 Graphs for Many Purposes 73

Reading Material:Sets:A Useful Mathematical Idea 83

Lesson 7 Preface to"A History of Mathematics" 87

Reading Material:Foreword to"A History of Mathematics" 99

Lesson 8 Preface to"Ordinary Differential Equations" 105

Reading Material:Phase Spaces Examples of Evolutionary Processes 113

Lesson 9 Sets 119

Reading Material:Sets 127

Lesson 10 Axioms,Definitions,and Theorems 133

Reading Material:Mathematics and the Physical World 141

Lesson 11 Mathematics and Science 146

Reading Material:Mathematics in Our World 155

Lesson 12 The Motivation for the Calculus 159

Reading Material:The Rise of Analysis 168

Lesson 13 Vectors 174

Reading Material:Basic Analytic Geometry 186

Lesson 14 Some New Uses of Determinants 192

Reading Material:Abstract Group Theory 202

Lesson 15 Galois Theory 209

Reading Material:Abel's Work on the Solution of Equations by Radicals 219

Lesson 16 On Different Degrees of Smallness 224

Reading Material:Infinity,Limits,Changing Quantities,and Calculus 234

Lesson 17 Some Unsolved Mathematical Problems 237

Reading Material:Developments In New Mathematics 248

Lesson 18 Preface to"Naive Set Theory" 253

Reading Material:Numbers 262

Lesson 19 Isomorphism 269

Reading Material:Equivalence 277

Lesson 20 The Beginning and Uses of Mathematics 282

Reading Material:Theory and Practice 293

Lesson 21 Preface to"Concepts of Calculus" 303

Reading Material:Mappings 313

Lesson 22 Chance or Probability 322

Reading Material:Probability,The Science of Chance 334

VOCABULARY 337

PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS 385