英语转换修辞句法PDF电子书下载

Contents 1

Introduction 1

Chapter Ⅰ Substitution 14

[1.1]Alternative use of synonyms 14

[1.2]Slight difference between synonyms 18

[1.3]Modifiers in the making of synonyms 22

[1.4]Contextual synonyms 25

[1.5]The Use of Antonyms 26

[1.6]Specific words 28

[1.7]Some transformational restrictions 30

[1.8]Semantic relation of words 32

[2.1]Content words in three ranks 34

Chapter Ⅱ Rank-shift 34

[2.2]Derivatives and rankshift 36

[2.3]Slight change after rankshift 39

[2.4]Suffixes of demotion 42

[2.5]Suffixes of promotion 50

[2.6]Nouns from verbs and adjectives 57

[2.7]Nominalization of phrasal verbs 60

Chapter Ⅲ Combination 63

[3.1]Combination defined 63

[3.2]Sentence elements 63

[3.3]Interchangeability of clause types 66

[3.4]The most fundamental of clause 71

types 71

[3.5]Ten categories of conjunctives 72

[3.6]Addition 75

[3.7]Contrast 82

[3.8]Concession 85

[3.9]Condition 92

[3.10]Time 98

[3.11]Cause,Purpose and Result 103

[3.12]Comparison and Others 110

[3.13]No relation indicators 113

Chapter Ⅳ Embedment 116

[4.1]Embedment defined 116

[4.2]Postmodification 119

[4.3]Clauses as embedded elements 125

[4.5]Three postposition modifiers 130

[4.4]Multiple Embeddings 130

[4.6]Interchangeability of relative words 134

[4.7]Transformation of relative clauses 136

[4.8]Special relative words 137

[4.9]Apposition 139

[4.10]Decomposition 141

Chapter Ⅴ Condensation 149

[5.1]Condensation defined 149

[5.2]Clauses into phrases 152

[5.3]Nominalization 156

[5.4]Relative clauses condensed 160

[5.5]Independent element 161

[5.6]Special Verbs 163

[6.1]Expansion defined 173

[6.2]Elliptical sentences 173

Chapter Ⅵ Expansion 173

[6.3]Laconism 175

[6.4]Formulaic Utterances 181

[6.5]Signal verbs 184

[6.6]Complex object 186

[6.7]Double predicate 188

[6.8]Nominal Verbs 189

Chapter Ⅶ Transposition 193

[7.1]Thematic prominence 193

[7.2]Partial inversion 195

[7.3]Full inversion 199

[7.4]Loose and periodic sentences 201

[7.5]Exchange of positions 204

[7.6]Position of Agent 207

[7.7]Experiencer and stimulus 209

[7.8]Postponement 211

Chapter Ⅷ Reporting 218

[8.1]Indirect quotation 218

[8.2]Sequence of tenses 220

[8.3]Present tense in indirect quotation 221

[8.4]Other changes in quotation 221

[8.5]Conjunction‘that’ 223

[8.6]Indirect questions 223

[8.7]‘whether’and“if” 224

[8.8]Indirect command or request 225

[8.9]Indirect exclamations 226

[8.10]Reporting Verbs 226

[8.11]free Indirect quotation 234

Chapter Ⅸ Interpretation of Figures 237

[9.1]Interpretation defined 237

[9.2]Simile 238

[9.3]Metaphor 242

[9.4]Complex metaphor 247

[9.5]Nominal Verbs 250

[9.6]Verbs used metaphorically 252

[9.7]Transferred epithet 256

[9.8]Personification 259

[9.9]Proverbs 262

[9.10]Metonymy 266

[9.11]Hyperbole 270

[9.12]Euphemism 274

[9.13]Irony 276

[9.14]Parallelism 278

[9.15]Exclamation and interrogation 280

[9.16]Antithesis 281

[9.17]Oxymoron 283

[9.18]Paradox 286

[9.19]Pun 287

[9.20]Zeugma 288

Chapter Ⅹ Prosification 291

[10.1]Prosification defined 291

[10.2]Rhythm 303

[10.3]Rhyme 305

[10.4]Other poetic peculiarities 305

Afterword 307

Bibliography 309