美国英语语法 高级PDF电子书下载

Lessons 1-10 1

Review Lesson 1

Lesson 1 31

LESSON FOCUS 31

READING:Daniel Mendoza s Résumé 32

1．1 The Present Perfect Tense-Forms 33

1．2 The Present Perfect-Question Formation 35

1．3 Uses of the Present Perfect Tense-Overview 36

1．4 The Present Perfect with Continuation from Past to Present 37

1．5 For and Since in Negative Statements 40

1．6 The Present Perfect vs．The Simple Present 41

READING: My Job as a Pilot 44

1．7 The Present Perfect Continuous 44

1．8 The Present Perfect vs．The Simple Past 48

1．9 The Present Perfect with Repetition from Past to Present 49

1．10 Present Perfect vs．Simple Past with Repetition 51

1．11 The Present Perfect with Indefinite Past Time-Overview 53

1．12 Questions with Ever 54

1．13 Yet,Already,and Just 58

1．14 Questions with Lately and Recently 61

1．15 The Present Perfect Continuous with Ongoing Activities 63

1．16 The Present Perfect with No Time Mentioned 64

1．17 The Present Perfect vs．The Present Perfect Continuous with No Time Mentioned 66

Summary 70

Editing Advice 71

Test/Review 72

Expansion Activities 74

Lesson 2 77

LESSON FOCUS 77

2．1 Passive Voice—Overview 78

READING:The Oscars 78

2．2 Passive and Active Voice 79

2．3 Passive-Form 80

2．4 Passive Voice with a Performer 83

READING: Movie Ratings 85

2．5 Using Passive Voice without a Performer 86

2．6 Using Active Voice Only 93

READING: The Actor President 93

2．7 Passive with Get 96

2．8 Participles Used as Adjectives 97

READING: Charlie Chaplin 98

2．9 Participles Used as Adjectives to Show Feelings 98

2．10 Other Past Participles Used as Adjectives 101

2．11 Past Participles and Other Adjectives with Get 104

Summary 106

Editing Advice 107

Test/Review 108

Expansion Activities 112

LESSON FOCUS 117

Lesson 3 117

READING: The Titanic 118

3．1 The Past Perfect—Form 119

3．2 The Past Perfect—Use 121

3．3 When with the Simple Past or the Past Perfect 127

3．4 The Past Perfect Continuous Tense 129

3．5 The Past Perfect (Continuous)or the Present Perfect(Continuous) 130

3．6 Comparison of Past Tenses—Forms 132

READING: Survivors of the Titanic 132

3．7 The Past Continuous Tense 133

3．8 Comparison of Past Tenses 136

Summary 140

Editing Advice 141

Test/Review 143

Expansion Activities 146

Lesson 4 149

LESSON FOCUS 149

4．1 Overview of Modals and Related Expressions 150

READING: Sweepstakes or Scam? 151

4．2 Necessity 152

4．3 Must Not and Not Have To 155

READING: Marketing to Children 158

4．4 Permission and Prohibition 159

4．5 Advice 160

4．6 Comparing Negative Modals 163

READING: Responding to Telemarketing Calls 166

4．7 Making Suggestions 166

4．8 Have To,Can,Could,and Should 168

READING: Don t Believe Everything You See 169

4．9 Expectations 170

4．10 Possibilities 172

READING: Game Shows and Talk Shows 175

4．11 Logical Conclusions 175

4．12 Probability vs． Possibility in the Present 178

4．13 Modals with Continuous Verbs 180

Summary 181

Editing Advice 182

Test/Review 183

Expansion Activities 187

Lesson 5 189

LESSON FOCUS 189

READING: The Assassination of President Kennedy 190

5．1 Modals in the Past: Have + Past Participle 190

5．2 Past Possibility 192

5．3 Past Conclusion 193

READING: John Kennedy,Jr． 195

5．4 Must Have vs． Had To 197

5．5 Past Mistakes 198

5．6 Be Supposed To in the Past 201

5．7 Could and Was/Were Able To 202

5．8 Past Directions Not Taken 203

5．9 Past Impossibility 205

Summary 208

Editing Advice 211

Test/Review 212

Expansion Activities 216

Lesson 6 219

LESSON FOCUS 219

READING: Kids and the Media 220

6．1 Adjective Clauses—Overview 221

6．2 Relative Pronoun as Subject 222

6．3 Relative Pronoun as Object 225

6．4 Relative Pronoun as Object of Preposition 227

6．5 Where and When in Adjective Clauses 230

6．6 Where,That,or Which 231

6．7 When or That 232

READING: E-mail and Instant Messages 233

6．8 Whose+Noun in an Adjective Clause 234

6．9 Adjective Clauses after Indefinite Compounds 236

READING: The Creator of the World Wide Web 240

6．10 Nonessential Adjective Clauses 241

6．11 Essential vs．Nonessential Adjective Clauses 242

READING: Parents Taking Control of the Media 245

6．12 Descriptive Phrases 246

Summary 249

Editing Advice 250

Test/Review 251

Expansion Activities 256

LESSON FOCUS 259

Lesson 7 259

7．1 Infinitives—Overview 260

7．2 Verbs Followed by an Infinitive 261

READING: Andrew Carnegie,Philanthropist 261

7．3 Object Before Infinitive 264

READING: Charity and Volunteering 267

7．4 Causative Verbs 267

7．5 Adjective Plus Infinitive 269

7．6 Using the Infinitive to Show Purpose 270

7．7 Infinitive as Subject 271

7．8 Infinitive with Too and Enough 274

7．9 Gerunds—Overview 276

READING: Helping Others Get an Education 277

7．10 Gerund as Subject 277

7．11 Gerund after Prepositions and Nouns 279

7．12 Using the Correct Preposition 280

7．13 Verbs Followed by Gerunds 282

7．14 Verbs Followed by Gerund or Infinitive 284

7．15 Infinitive and Gerund as Subject 286

7．16 Gerund or Infinitive After a Verb:Differences in Meaning 287

7．17 Used To/Be Used To/Get Used To 290

7．18 Sense-Perception Verbs 293

Summary 295

Editing Advice 297

Test/Review 299

Expansion Activities 302

LESSON FOCUS 305

Lesson 8 305

8．1 Adverbial Clauses—Overview 306

READING: Columbus and the Discovery of America 307

8．2 Time 307

8．3 Using the -ing Form After Time Words 312

READING: A Nation of Immigrants 313

8．4 Reason and Purpose 314

READING: Slavery—An American Paradox 318

8．5 Contrast 318

READING: The Changing Face of America 321

8．6 Condition 322

8．7 Sentence Connectors 326

READING: Adopting a Baby from Abroad 326

8．8 So...That/Such...That 330

Summary 332

Editing Advice 334

Test/Review 335

Expansion Activities 340

Lesson 9 343

LESSON FOCUS 343

9．1 Noun Clauses—Overview 344

READING: Bringing Up Baby 344

9．2 Noun Clauses After Verbs and Adjectives 345

9．3 Nouns Clauses After Expressions of Importance 348

READING: Pediatricians Recommendations 348

READING: Day Care 350

9．4 Nouns Clauses as Included Questions 351

9．5 Question Words Followed by an Infinitive 356

READING: Dr．Benjamin Spock 359

9．6 Exact Quotes 360

9．7 Reported Speech 362

9．8 The Rule of Sequence of Tenses 363

9．9 Say vs．Tell 366

9．10 Noun Clauses After a Past-Tense Verb 367

9．11 Reporting an Imperative 368

READING: What Do Kids Want? 370

9．12 Reported Questions 371

Summary 376

Editing Advice 376

Test/Review 378

Expansion Activities 383

LESSON FOCUS 387

Lesson 10 387

READING: Biotechnology 388

10．1 Unreal Conditions—Present 389

10．2 Implied Conditions 395

10．3 Real vs．Unreal Conditions 397

READING: Legal Questions Raised by Science 399

10．4 Unreal Conditions—Past 400

10．5 Mixed Tenses in Condition Statements 403

READING:Growing Older and Older and Older 408

10．6 Wishes 408

10．7 Wish for Desired Changes 412

Summary 416

Editing Advice 418

Test/Review 418

Expansion Activities 421

Appendices 425

A．Noncount Nouns 425

Appendices A-N 425

B．Uses of Articles 427

C．The Verb GET 433

D．Gerund and Infinitive Patterns 435

E．Verbs and Adjectives Followed by a Preposition 438

F．Direct and Indirect objects 438

G．Spelling and Pronunciation of Verbs 440

H．Capitalization Rules 443

I．Plural Forms of Nouns 444

J．Metric Conversion Chart 446

K．Comparative and Superlative Forms 449

L．Glossary of Grammatical Terms 451

M．Alphabetical List of Irregular Verb Forms 456

N．My Word Bank 469

Answer Key 469

Answer key 469

Map of the United States of America 500

Map of the United States of America 500

Map of North America 501

Map of North America 501

Index 502

Index 502