Hemorrhagic DiseasesPDF电子书下载
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- 作 者:
- 出 版 社:Henry Kimpton
- 出版年份:1957
- ISBN:
- 页数:451 页
PART Ⅰ CLINICAL 13
CHAPTER 1 THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPTS OF HEMOSTASIS 13
Vascular Contraction 13
The Coagulation of the Blood-Historical Highlights 16
The Pre-classical Theory Era(1666-1904) 16
The Classical Theory Era(1904-1934) 17
The Prothrombin Era(1934-1943) 18
The Platelets 20
Thrombus Formation 21
Platelet's Role in Coagulation 22
Clot Retraction 23
Vasoconstriction Action of Platelets 24
CHAPTER 2 THE COAGULATION OF THE BLOOD AND ITS ROLE IN HEMOSTASIS 33
The Conversion of Fibrinogen to Fibrin by Thrombin 33
The Formation of Thrombin from Prothrombin 35
The Conversion of Prothrombin to Thrombin in Plasma 37
The Quantitative Determination of Prothrombin 38
The Two-stage Method 38
The One-stage Method 40
The Labile Factor 42
Prothrombinogen 44
Why is the Prothrombin Time Constant in Fresh Normal Plasma? 44
Why Does the Prothrombin Time Change During Storage? 45
Why is the Prothrombin of the Blood of Newborn Infants Low When Measured by the Two-stage Method and Normal When Determined by the One-stage Test? 47
Why is the Prothrombin Time of Serum from Hemophilic or Thrombocytopenic Blood Shorter Than That of Plasma? 48
The Prothrombinogen-Prothrombin Ratio 49
Stable Factor 51
Calcium 53
Thromboplastin 55
Tissue Thromboplastin and Plasma Thromboplastin 60
The Autocatalytic Thrombinogenic Mechanism 61
The Control of the Thrombinogenic Cycle 65
The Probable Sequence of Events in Hemostasis 67
CHAPTER 3 THE HYPOPROTHROMBINEMIC STATES 78
History 78
On the Recognition of the Hypoprothrombinemic State 80
Prothrombin and Vitamin K 81
The Synthesis of Vitamin K 84
Congenital Hypoprothrombinemia 87
Congenital Hypoprothrombinemia Vera Type Ⅰ 87
Congenital Hypoprothrombinemia Type Ⅱ 88
Congenital Stable Factor Deficiency 92
Congenital Labile Factor Deficiency 93
Heredity 94
Treatment 97
Hypoprothrombinemia of the Newborn 98
Hypoprothrombinemia in Obstructive Jaundice and Biliary Fistula 101
Hypoprothrombinemia in Sprue and Related Conditions 102
Prothrombin Activity in Diseases of the Liver 103
Hypoprothrombinemia in Pernicious Anemia 105
Hypoprothrombinemia in Tuberculosis 105
Hypoprothrombinemia Induced by Antivitamin K Compounds 106
Mechanism of the Action of Dicumarol 109
Safety of Dicumarol in the Antepartum Period 119
Hypoprothrombinemia Induced by Various Drugs 120
CHAPTER 4 HEMOPHILIA AND HEMOPHILIA-LIKE DISEASES 134
Hemophilia 134
History 134
The Coagulation Defect in Hemophilia 136
Diagnosis 139
The Prothrombin Consumption Time 141
The Prothrombin Consumption Time with Added Thromboplastin Heated to 60℃ 142
The Hemolysate Test 144
The Definitive Diagnosis of True Hemophilia(Hereditary Hypothromboplastinogenemia) 146
The Clinical Picture 147
Hemarthrosis 150
Hemorrhage into the Central Nervous System 151
Hematuria 152
Heredity 154
Social Implications 159
Treatment 160
Treatment of Acute Hemarthrosis 168
Acquired Hypothromboplastinogenemia Due to a Thromboplastinogen Inhibitor(Antithromboplastinogenemia) 170
Nature and Mode of Action 170
Clinical Picture 174
Diagnosis 174
Treatment 176
Theoretical Significance 177
Hereditary Hypothromboplastinemic States(Other Than Hemophilia) 178
Plasma Thromboplastin Component(PTC)Deficiency,Christmas Disease,Hemophilia B,and Hemophiloid State C 178
Diagnosis 180
Procedure 1 180
Procedure 2 181
Procedure 3 182
Procedure 4 182
Hemophilia-like States in the Female 185
Detection of Hemophilic Carriers 187
CHAPTER 5 THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA 197
Thrombocytopenic Purpura 197
Early History 197
Clinical Picture 200
Course 201
Pathology 202
Bone Marrow 202
Spleen 202
Diagnosis 203
Platelet Count 203
Prothrombin Consumption Time 204
Clot Retraction 204
Bleeding Time 204
Tourniquet Test 204
Hemostatic Defect in Thrombocytopenic Purpura 207
Clotting Factor in Platelets 208
Clot Retraction 209
Causes of Thrombocytopenia 210
Excessive Destruction of Platelets 212
Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Estrogens 217
Congenital Thrombocytopenic Purpura 218
Secondary Thrombocytopenic Purpura 221
Purpura Due to Drugs 221
Whole Body Irradiation 222
Blood Dyscrasias 223
Infection 224
Treatment of Secondary Thrombocytopenic Purpura 226
Thrombocytopenia in Blood Dyscrasia 227
Treatment of Primary Thrombocytopenia 227
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura 243
History 243
Clinical Picture 243
Pathology 245
Diagnosis 246
Treatment 246
Thrombocythemia Hemorrhagica 250
History 250
Clinical Picture 250
Pathology 251
Diagnosis 253
Treatment 253
CHAPTER 6 SECONDARY NON-THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURAS 256
Schonlein-Henoch Syndrome 256
History 256
Clinical Picture 257
Onset 257
Exanthem 257
Joint Symptoms 257
Abdominal Symptoms 258
Renal Involvement 258
Pathology 258
Diagnosis 259
Treatment 260
Purpura Fulminans 261
Clinical Picture 262
Pathology 262
Diagnosis 263
Treatment 263
Purpura Simplex 264
Treatment 265
Senile Purpura 265
CHAPTER 7 PSEUDOHEMOPHILIAS A AND B;TELANGIECTASIA 270
Pseudohemophilia A 270
History 270
Clinical Picture 272
Course 273
Heredity 274
Diagnosis 274
Basic Defect 275
Treatment 277
Social Significance 277
Pseudohemophilia B 278
History 278
Clinical Picture 279
Heredity 279
Diagnosis 280
Basic Defect 280
Treatment 282
Significance 282
Telangiectasia 285
History 285
Clinical Picture 286
Time of Onset 286
Type of Bleeding 286
Course 288
Heredity 288
Diagnosis 289
Basic Defects 290
Treatment 291
Significance of the Disease 292
CHAPTER 8 AFIBRINOGENEMIA AND HYPERHEPARINEMIA 296
Hereditary Afibrinogenemia 297
History 297
Clinical Picture 297
Diagnosis 298
Pathology 298
Heredity 299
Treatment 300
General Considerations 300
Acquired Hypofibrinogenemia 301
History 301
Hypofibrinogenemia Associated with Pregnancy 301
Premature Separation of the Placenta 302
Prolonged Retention of Dead Fetus 303
Amniotic Fluid Embolism 303
Coagulation Defect in Obstetrical Bleeding 304
Differential Diagnosis of Obstetrical Bleeding 305
Treatment 306
Miscellaneous Types of Acquired Hypofibrinogenemia 307
Physiological Function of Fibrinogen 308
Fibrinolysis 309
Fibrinolysin as a Cause of Hemorrhage 312
Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions 313
Probable Mechanism of Hemolysis on Coagulation 315
Hyperheparinemia 326
History 326
Heparin Co-Factor 326
Physiological R61e in Coagulation 328
Determination of Heparin in Blood 329
Clinical Hyperheparinemia 330
Treatment 333
CHAPTER 9 VENOUS THROMBOSIS 337
History 337
The Mechanism of Thrombosis 339
The Antithrombins and Anticoagulants and Their Relation to Thrombosis 346
The Normal Serum Antithrombin,Albumin X 346
Fibrin,the Physiological Antithrombin 347
Heparin 348
Dieumarol 348
Thrombophlebitis 349
Treatment 350
PART Ⅱ LABORATORY METHODS 355
Introduction 355
General Comments and Suggestions 356
Test 1-Clotting Time 360
Test 2-Recalcified Plasma Clotting Time 363
Test 3-Bleeding Time 365
Test 4-Platelet Count 367
Test S-Clot Retraction 370
Test 6-Tourniquet Test 373
Test 7-Thromboplastin:Preparation 375
Test 8-Prothrombin Time 379
Test 9-Prothrombin by Adsorption and Elution 388
Test 10-Prothrombin Adsorbents 391
Test 11-Total Prothrombin Time 394
Test 12-Labile Factor 396
Test 13-Vitamin K Assay 400
Test 14-Assay of Dicumarol 405
Test 15-Prothrombin Consumption Time 408
Test 16-Thromboplastinogen Activity Time(TAT) 412
Test 17-Preparation of Erythrocytin and Thromboplastinogen 415
Test 18-Assay of Thromboplastinogen 418
Test 19-Antithromboplastinogen 421
Test 20-Thromboplastin Generation Test 423
Test 21-Preparation of Thrombin 427
Test 22-Assay of Heparin 431
Test 23-Antithrombin Activity 434
Test 24-Fibrinogen Determination 436
Test 25-Calcium and Ion Exchange Resins 440