COLLECTED WORKS VOLUME 3PDF电子书下载

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN RUSSIA．The Process of the Formation of a Home Market for Large-Scale Industry 21

Preface to the First Edition 25

Preface to the Second Edition 31

Chapter Ⅰ． The Theoretical Mistakes of the Narodnik Economists 37

Ⅰ．The Social Division of Labour 37

Ⅱ． The Growth of the Industrial Population at the Ex-pense of the Agricultural 40

Ⅲ． The Ruin of the Small Producers 41

Ⅳ． The Narodnik Theory of the Impossibility of Real-ising Surplus-Value 43

Ⅴ． The Views of Adam Smith on the Production and Circulation of the Aggregate Social Product in Capi-talist Society and Marx＇s Criticism of These Views 47

Ⅵ． Marx＇s Theory of Realisation 51

Ⅶ．The Theory of the National Income 58

Ⅷ．Why Does the Capitalist Nation Need a Foreign Market？ 64

Ⅸ． Conclusions from Chapter Ⅰ 67

Chapter Ⅱ． The Differentiation of the Peas-antry 70

Ⅰ．Zemstvo Statistics for Novorossia 70

Ⅱ．Zemstvo Statistics for Samara Gubernia 85

Ⅲ．Zemstvo Statistics for Saratov Gubernia 93

Ⅳ．Zemstvo Statistics for Perm Gubernia 106

Ⅴ． Zemstvo Statistics for Orel Gubernia 112

Ⅵ．Zemstvo Statistics for Voronezh Gubernia 115

Ⅶ． Zemstvo Statistics for Nizhni-Novgorod Gubernia 119

Ⅷ．Review of Zemstvo Statistics for Other Gubernias 122

Ⅸ．Summary of the Above Zemstvo Statistics on the Differentiation of the Peasantry 127

Ⅹ．Summary of Zemstvo Statistics and Army-Horse Census Returns 141

Ⅺ． A Comparison of the Army-Horse Censuses of 1888-1891 and 1896-1900 146

Ⅻ．Zemstvo Statistics on Peasant Budgets 148

ⅩⅢ． Conclusions from Chapter Ⅱ 172

Chapter Ⅲ． The Landowners＇ Transition from Corvee to Capitalist Economy 191

Ⅰ． The Main Features of Corvee Economy 191

Ⅱ． The Combination of the Corvee and the Capitalist Systems of Economy 193

Ⅲ． Description of the Labour-Service System 198

Ⅳ． The Decline of the Labour-Service System 205

Ⅴ． The Narodnik Attitude to the Problem 210

Ⅵ． The Story of Engelhardt＇s Farm 215

Ⅶ． The Employment of Machinery in Agriculture 219

Ⅷ． The Significance of Machinery in Agriculture 228

Ⅸ． Wage-Labour in Agriculture 237

Ⅹ． The Significance of Hired Labour in Agriculture 242

Chapter Ⅳ． The Growth of Commercial Agri-culture 252

Ⅰ． General Data on Agricultural Production in Post-Re-form Russia and on the Types of Commercial Agri-culture 252

Ⅱ．The Commercial Grain-Farming Area 257

Ⅲ．The Commercial Stock-Farming Area． General Data on the Development of Dairy Farming 261

Ⅳ． Continuation． The Economy of Landlord Farmingin the Area Described 267

Ⅴ． Continuation． The Difierentiation of the Peasantry in the Dairy-Farming Area 275

Ⅵ．The Flax-Growing Area 282

Ⅶ． The Technical Processing of Agricultural Produce 287

Ⅷ． Industrial Vegetable and Fruit Growing; Suburban Farming 304

Ⅸ．Conclusions on the Significance of Capitalism in Rus-sian Agriculture 310

Ⅹ． Narodnik Theories on Capitalism in Agriculture．＂The Freeing of Winter Time＂ 318

Ⅺ． Continuation．—The Village Community．—Marx＇s View on Small-Scale Agriculture．—Engels＇s Opinion of the Contemporary Agricultural Crisis 323

Chapter Ⅴ． The First Stages of Capitalism in Industry 331

Ⅰ．Domestic Industry and Handicrafts 331

Ⅱ． Small Commodity-Producers in Industry．The Craft Spirit in the Small Industries 334

Ⅲ． The Growth of Small Industries after the Reform．Two Forms of This Process and Its Significance 338

Ⅳ． The differentiation of the Small Commodity-Producers．Data on House-to-House Censuses of Handicraftsmen in Moscow Gubernia 344

Ⅴ． Capitalist Simple Co-operation 356

Ⅵ． Merchant＇s Capital in the Small Industries 360

Ⅶ． ＂Industry and Agriculture＂ 369

Ⅷ． ＂The Combination of Industry with Agriculture＂ 378

Ⅸ． Some Remarks on the Pre-capitalist Economy of Our Countryside 380

ChapterⅥ．Capitalist Manufacture and Capi-talist Domestic Industry 384

Ⅰ． The Rise of Manufacture and Its Main Features 384

Ⅱ．Capitalist Manufacture in Russian Industry 386

1） The Weaving Industries 386

2） Other Branches of the Textile Industry．The Felt Trade 390

3） The Hat-and-Cap and Hemp-and-Rope Trades 393

4） The Wood-Working Trades 397

5） The Processing of Livestock Produce The Leather and Fur Trades 402

6） The Remaining Livestock Processing Trades 409

7） The Processing of Mineral Products 413

8） The Metal Trades．The Pavlovo Industries 415

9） Other Metal Trades 419

10） The Jewellery, Samovar and Accordion Trades 422

Ⅲ． Technique in Manufacture． Division of Labour and Its Significance 427

Ⅳ．The Territorial Division of Labour and the Separa-tion of Agriculture from Industry 431

Ⅴ． The Economic Structure of Manufacture 435

Ⅵ． Merchant＇s and Industrial Capital in Manufacture．The ＂Buyer-up＂ and the ＂Factory Owner＂ 438

Ⅶ． Capitalist Domestic Industry as an Appendage of Manufacture 441

Ⅷ． What Is ＂Handicraft＂ Industry？ 448

ChapterⅦ．The Development of Large-Scale Machine Industry 454

Ⅰ． The Scientific Conception of the Factory and the Significance of ＂Factory＂ Statistics 454

Ⅱ． Our Factory Statistics 456

Ⅲ． An Examination of Historico-Statistical Data on the Development of Large-Scale Industry 468

1） Textile Trades 469

2） Wood-Working Industries 474

3） Chemical,Livestock Product and Ceramic Industries 475

4） Metallurgical Industries 478

5） Food Industries 479

6） Excise-Paying and Other Trades 481

7） Conclusions 483

Ⅳ． The Development of the Mining Industry 484

Ⅴ．Is the Number of Workers in Large Capitalist Enter-prises Growing？ 496

Ⅵ． Steam-Engine Statistics 507

Ⅶ． The Growth of Large Factories 509

Ⅷ． The Distribution of Large-Scale Industry 517

Ⅸ． The Development of the Lumber and Building Industries 524

Ⅹ． The Appendage to the Factory 533

Ⅺ． The Complete Separation of Industry from Agriculture 535

Ⅻ． Three Stages in the Development of Capitalism in Russian Industry 540

ChapterⅧ．The Formation of the Home Mar-ket 551

Ⅰ． The Growth of Commodity Circulation 551

Ⅱ．The Growth Of The Commercial And Industrial Population 556

1)The Growth Of The Towns 556

2)The Significance Of Home Colonisation 561

3)The Growht Of Factory And Of Commerclal And Ind ustrial Townships And Villages 565

4)Non-Agricultural Outside Employments 567

Ⅲ．THE CROWTH OF THE EMPLOYMENT OF WAGE-LABOUR 580

Ⅳ．THE FORMATION OF A HOME MARKET FOR LABOUR-POWER 585

Ⅴ．THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BORDER REGIONS HOME OR FOREIGN MARKET？ 590

Ⅵ．THE ＂MISSION＂OF CAPITALISM 595

UNCRITICAL CRITICISM 609

Ⅰ 611

Ⅱ 618

Ⅲ 624

NOTES 633