Man in structure & function Volume IPDF电子书下载

PART ONE FROM ELECTRON TO MAN 1

Ⅰ．LIFE 3

Electron，Atom，Molecule 3

The Substance of Life：Protoplasm 5

The Microscope 7

The Cell 9

Cell-Division 12

Chromatin-the Substance of Heredity 14

Boy or Girl？ 16

The Sex Cells 17

Ⅱ．THE DEVELOPMENT OF MAN 20

Fertilization 20

The Development of Body Form 22

The Formation of the Organs 24

The Biogenetic Principle 28

Degenerate Organs and Atavism 34

PART TWO THE SKELETON 37

Ⅲ．CONNECTIVE TISSUE 39

Cell，Tissue，Organ 39

Mucous Tissue 40

Connective Tissue 40

The Principle of Exercise 44

Keeping Connective Tissue Young 44

The Distribution of Connective Tissue in the Body 46

Ⅳ．FAT 47

Adipose Tissue 47

The Distribution of Fat Tissue 47

Fat as a Fuel 48

Fat as a Padding Material 49

Fat as an Insulating Material 50

The Regulation of Fat Digestion 50

Fat Metabolism and Obesity 51

Ⅴ．CARTILAGE，BONES，AND JOINTS 54

Cartilage 54

Ossification 54

Growth 55

The Architecture of Bone 57

Bone-Marrow 59

Calcium and Gelatine 62

Fractures of Bone 65

The Joints 66

Sprains 70

Dislocations 71

Ⅵ．THE THEORY OF BODY PROPORTIONS 72

The Erect Posture 72

The Body-a Three-Storey Tower 74

The Proportions of the Adult 74

The Proportions of the Child 76

The Regulation of Body Proportions by the Endocrine Glands 76

The Size of the Body 80

People Become Larger 81

The Forms of the Bones 81

Ⅶ．THE SKELETON 84

The Structure of the Skeleton 84

The Vertebral Column 84

Curvature of the Spine 88

The Thorax 90

The Ribs 92

The Pelvis 92

The Arm and Leg 95

The Hand 97

The Foot 98

The Structure of the Skull 100

The Skull Spaces 101

The Cephalic Index 102

The Cranial Sutures 103

The Base of the Skull 103

The Human Forehead 105

The Facial Skeleton 105

The Cavities of the Face 106

Intermaxillary Bone and Harelip 108

The Lower Jaw(Mandible) 108

Ⅷ．THE TEETH 111

The Human Tooth-A Fish Scale 111

The Dental Root 111

The Pulp Cavity 112

The Wall of the Tooth 113

Enamel 115

The Teeth 115

The Dental Formula 117

The Wisdom Teeth 118

Dental Diseases 118

Caries 118

Anomalies in the Position of the Teeth 119

PART THREE THE MUSCULATURE 121

Ⅸ．GENERAL MYOLOGY 123

The Smooth Muscle Fibre 123

Gooseflesh 123

The Pupils 125

The Muscles of the Circulatory System and Hypertension 125

The Muscles of the Respiratory Passages and Asthma 127

The Muscles of the ？sophagus 127

Intestinal Inertia 127

Colic 128

Hollow Organs 128

The Striated Muscle Fibre 128

Muscle Fibre and Automobile Motor 129

The Arrow Poison，Curare 132

Voluntary and Involuntary Movements 132

Fatigue-Lactic-Acid Poisoning 133

Exhaustion 135

The Second Wind 135

Rigor Mortis 135

The Law of Time 135

Rest by Means of Activity 136

Muscle Twitch and Muscle Tone 137

Learn to Relax! 138

Tonus 138

Muscle Sense 140

Training 142

Tendons and Inflammation of the Tendon Sheaths 144

Flexor and Extensor 146

The Human Muscle Machine 146

Ⅹ．SPECIAL MYOLOGY 148

The Muscles of the Head 148

Mimic Asymmetry 150

Right-Handedness 151

Asymmetry of the Legs 151

Left-Handedness 154

The Cause of Asymmetry 154

Ambi-Culture 156

The Musculature of the Trunk 156

The Abdominal Musculature 157

Hernia 158

Man Walking-a Pendulum Machine 160

The Path of Life 163

The Arm 163

PART FOUR THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD 167

Ⅺ．THE HEART 169

Man a Combustion Engine 169

The Circulation of the Blood 171

The Heart 171

The Valves of the Heart 173

The＂Primum Oriens＂ 174

The Wall of the Heart 175

The Coronary Vessels 175

The Pericardium 177

The Action of the Heart 178

The Pulse 181

Is the Heart an Auto-Mobile？ 182

The Motor of the Heart 182

The Automatic Regulation of the Cardiac Tempo 182

The Cardiac Nerves 183

The Heart Sounds 185

The Electrocardiogram 185

The Nervous Heart 186

Ⅻ．THE BLOOD-VESSELS 189

The Structure of the Arteries 189

The Capillaries 189

Vascular Neurosis 193

The Veins 193

Varicose Veins 194

TheVasomotor Nerves 194

Vasomotor Tonus and Cerebral Activity 195

Shock 197

Knockout 198

Blood-Pressure 199

Hardening of the Arteries 199

Ⅻ．THE BLOOD 203

Sea Water in Our Bodies 203

Blood and Lymph 204

The Bone-Marrow 205

The Blood Cells 206

The Blood Pigment 207

An？mia 209

Chlorosis 210

Red Blood and Green Leaves 212

Blood Platelets 212

Blood Coagulation 213

H？mophilia 214

Loss of Blood 215

Blood Transfusion 216

Blood Groups 217

ⅪⅤ．LYMPH 219

Lymph and Cerebrospinal Fluid 219

The Lymph-Vessels 220

Lymph Nodes 221

Tonsils and Appendix 221

Lymph Glands 224

The Spleen 224

The Leucocytes 225

Wandering Cells 225

Wound and Wound-Healing 226

ⅩⅤ．MAN AND BACILLUS 230

Bacilli 230

Man and Bacilli 231

The Bacillus as a Domestic Animal 231

The Virus 234

The Bacteriophage 236

Toxin 236

Antitoxin 237

Serum 237

PART FIVE RESPIRATION 239

ⅩⅥ．THE RESPIRATORY GASES 241

The Nitrogen of the Air-The Tragedy of Mankind 241

The Nitrogen Mystery and Its Solution 242

Oxygen 244

Life at Altitudes above 13，000 Feet 245

Carbonic Acid 247

Carbon Monoxide 250

Car Sickness 251

The Water Vapour of the Air 251

ⅩⅦ．THE NOSE 253

Man＇s Air Apparatuses 253

The Nose 253

The Nasal Cavity 254

The Nose as a Traffic Regulator of the Respiratory Air 254

The Nose as a Steam-Heating System 254

Pharyngeal Tonsil and Adenoids 255

The Nose as a Vacuum Cleaner 257

Removing the Dust from the Windpipe 258

The Nose as a Sterilizer 259

The Reflex 259

The Reflex Cold 261

The Nose as Olfactory Organ 262

ⅩⅧ．THE LUNGS 263

Trachea and Glottis 263

The Respiratory Chambers 263

Asthma and Emphysema 265

The Pleura 265

The Gaseous Exchange 265

Man Does Not Sink in Water! 267

The Respiratory Centre 269

ⅩⅨ．THE VOCAL APPARATUS 270

The Larynx 270

The Vocal Cords 270

Change of Voice 272

The Resonating Spaces 274

The Voice 275

Speech 276

The Lips 277

The Tongue 277

PART SIX DIGESTION 279

ⅩⅩ．THE PROBLEM OF NUTRITION 281

What is＂Food＂？ 281

The Two Tasks of the Digestive Apparatus 281

Carbohydrates 283

Fats 285

Protein 286

The Glands 290

Ferments 291

ⅩⅪ．THE MOUTH 293

Digestion in the Mouth 293

Chewing 293

The Salivary Glands 294

The Regulation of Salivary Secretion 294

Salivation and Psyche 295

Salivation and Nutrition 296

Dental Tartar 298

The Salivary Ferment 299

Deglutition 299

The Uvula 299

The Epiglottis 300

The Gullet(？sophagus) 301

Artists in Swallowing 302

Human Ruminants 303

ⅩⅫ．THE STOMACH 304

The Structure of the Stomach 304

Movements of the Stomach 305

The Gastric Glands 307

Hydrochloric Acid 308

Pepsin 309

Rennin 310

Fat in the Stomach 310

Roast and Extractive Substances 311

Be Happy during Meals! 311

ⅩⅫ．THE LIVER 314

The Liver-the Filter between the Intestine and the Heart 314

The Structure of the Liver 314

The Disintegration of the Blood Cells 317

The＂Humanizing＂of the Food 317

The Detoxification of the Food 317

The Liver as a Fluid Reservoir 317

Bile 318

Gall-bladder and Gall-stones 319

Liver and Emotion 321

ⅩⅪⅤ．THE PANCREAS 322

The Pancreas and Its Four Ferments 322

The Islands of the Pancreas 325

ⅩⅩⅤ．THE INTESTINE 326

The Length of the Intestine 326

The Parts of the Intestine 326

The Intestinal Mucous Membrane 328

The Intestinal Musculature 328

The Intestinal Folds 330

The C？cum 330

The C？cum-A Hydraulic Press 331

Digestion in the Intestine 331

The Intestinal Villi 332

Cellulose 335

Putrefaction in the Large Intestine 336

The Appendix 336

Intestinal Gases 337

F？ces 338

Constipation 340

The Therapy of Constipation 341