法医人类学基础PDF电子书下载

第一章　概述Introduction　 1

第一节　概念Concept 3

一、法医人类学的概念The concept of forensic anthropology 3

二、法医人类学研究方法The research methods of forensic anthropology　 3

第二节　法医人类学的相关学科The related disciplines of forensic anthropology　 4

一、人类骨骼生长发育的研究Study ofdeveloping of human skeleton 4

二、骨骼发掘、收集、修复方法的研究Study of excavated,collected and repaired methods of bones 5

三、基础医学的研究Study of basic medicine 5

第三节　法医人类学的鉴定工作程序Procedure of identified work of forensic anthropology 7

一、骨骼的现场检验Examination of bones in field 7

二、骨骼的实验室检验Examination of bones in laboratory 　 7

第二章　动物骨骼与人类骨骼的区别Distinguished bones between human and animal 11

第一节　概述Introduction　　 13

一、人类在自然界中的位置Human position in nature 13

二、人类与动物骨骼的比较解剖学研究Bone compared anatomy study ofhuman and animal 17

第二节　动物骨骼的基本特征Bone characters of animal 22

一、鱼类骨骼的基本特征Bone characters of Osteichthyes 22

二、两栖类动物骨骼的基本特征Bone characters of Amphibia 23

三、爬行类动物骨骼的基本特征Bone characters of Reptilia 24

四、鸟类骨骼的基本特征Bone characters of Aves 28

五、哺乳类动物骨骼的特征Bone characters of Mammalia 28

第三节　动物骨骼与人类骨骼的区分Distinguished bones between human and animal 42

一、动物颅骨与人类颅骨的区别Distinguished skull bones between human and animal 43

二、动物躯干骨与人类躯干骨的区别Distinguished truck bones between human and animal 54

三、动物四肢骨骼与人类四肢骨骼的区别Distinguished limb bones between human and animal 73

第四节　动物牙齿与人类牙齿的区别Distinguished teeth between human and animal 105

一、动物牙齿的结构与功能Construction and function of animal teeth 105

二、常见哺乳类动物牙齿的特征Teeth characters of Mammalia　　 109

三、人类牙齿的特点及与动物牙齿的鉴别Distinguished teeth characters between human and animal　　 122

第三章　骨骼残片的法医人类学鉴定Examination of broken bones of forensic anthropology 131

第一节　骨骼组织学的基本特征Characters of bone histology　 133

一、长骨的骨骼组织学结构Construction of long bone histology　 133

二、骨骼组织的构成Constitute of bone histology 136

三、骨骼组织玻片的制作Made flat of bone histology 139

第二节　人类骨骼组织学结构的基本特征Characters of human bone histology　 141

一、成人的骨骼组织学特征Characters of adult bone histology　 141

二、儿童的骨骼组织学特征Characters of child bone histology 158

第三节　动物骨骼组织学结构的基本特征Characters of animal bone histology 160

一、硬骨鱼纲Osteichthyes 161

二、两栖纲Amphibia 162

三、爬行纲Reptilia 163

四、鸟纲Aves 164

五、哺乳纲Mammalia 167

第四节　骨骼残片的个体识别Human identification of broken bones　　 177

一、人类骨骼残片与动物骨骼残片的区别Distinguished broken bones between human and animal 177

二、人类骨骼残片的年龄判定Age estimation of human broken bones　　 188

第四章　骨骼白骨化时间与骨骼损伤Time of skeletonization and bone injure　　 203

第一节　尸骨白骨化时间的推断Estimation time of skeletonization 205

一、动物尸体白骨化的时间判定Estimation time of skeletonization of animal　　 205

二、人类尸体白骨化的时间判定Estimation time of skeletonization of human　 207

第二节　骨骼损伤特征的分析Analysis of bone injury 219

一、自然因素所致的骨损伤Bone injury in nature　　 219

二、人为因素造成的骨损伤Bone injury by human factors 222

三、其他因素所致的骨损伤Bone injury by other factors　 235

第五章　骨骼的种族鉴定Estimation of races　 243

第一节　世界人种的划分Classified races　 245

一、蒙古人种Mongoloid 245

二、欧罗巴人种Europoid 247

三、澳大利亚-尼格罗人种Australia and black 248

四、过渡人种Other races 251

第二节　不同人种的骨骼鉴定Estimation of races by skeleton　 254

一、颅骨的种族差异Distinguished skull among races 254

二、椎骨及长骨的种族差异Distinguished cervical vertebrae and long bones amongraces 258

第六章　骨骼的性别鉴定Estimation of sex 263

第一节　颅骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by skull　 265

一、颅骨表面特征的性别差异Sex characters of skull surface　 265

二、颅骨的性别判别分析Sex discriminant of skull　 266

三、残破颅骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by broken skull　 268

四、下颌骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by mandible　 279

第二节　骨盆的性别鉴定Estimation of sex by pelvis 283

一、骶骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by sacrum　 284

二、髋骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by innominate　 286

第三节　躯干骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by truck bones 296

一、椎骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by vertebral column 296

二、胸骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by sternum 299

三、肋骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by rib 301

第四节　四肢骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by long bones 301

一、上肢骨性别判定Estimation of sex by upper limb bones 301

二、下肢骨的性别判定Estimation of sex by lower limb bones 318

第七章　骨骼的年龄鉴定Estimation of age by skeleton 327

第一节　颅骨的年龄变化Estimation of age by skull 329

一、颅缝的年龄推断Estimation of age by skull suture 329

二、腭缝的年龄判定Estimation of age by maxilla suture 332

第二节　躯干骨的年龄鉴定Estimation of age by truck bones 336

一、胸骨的年龄判定Estimation of age by sternum 336

二、肋骨的年龄判定Estimation of age by rib 341

三、腰椎的年龄判定Estimation of age by lumbar 344

四、骶骨的年龄判定Estimation of age by sacrum 346

第三节　肢带骨的年龄鉴定Estimation of age by pelvis and clavicle 350

一、耻骨联合面的年龄推断Estimation of age by the pubic symphysis 350

二、髂骨耳状面的年龄推断Estimation of age by auricular surface of os coxae 　 360

三、锁骨的年龄鉴定Estimation of age by clavicle 362

第八章　骨骼的身高鉴定Estimation of stature 365

第一节　颅骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by skull 367

一、颅围的身高推断Estimation of stature by cranial horizontal circumference　 367

二、颅骨测量的身高推断Estimation of stature by skull measurements 367

第二节　躯干骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by truck bones 368

一、枢椎的身高推断Estimation of stature by axis 368

二、腰椎的身高推断Estimation of stature by lumbar vertebrae 369

三、胸骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by sternum 372

四、骶骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by sacrum 373

第三节　上肢骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by upper limb bones 373

一、华南人锁骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by clavicle in South of China　 373

二、华南人肩胛骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by scapula in South of China　 374

三、华南人上肢长骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by upper limb bones in South of China 375

四、肱骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by humerus 375

五、尺骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by ulna 376

六、桡骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by radius 376

七、掌骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by metacarpus 376

八、中指骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by phalanges 377

九、女性上肢骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by Chinese female upper limb bones　 378

第四节　下肢骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by lower limb bones 380

一、髋骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by os coxae 380

二、华南地区男性下肢长骨的身高推断Estimation of male stature by lower limb bones in South of China 381

三、股骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by femur 381

四、胫骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by tibia 382

五、腓骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by fibula 384

六、髌骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by patella 384

七、女性下肢长骨的身高推断Estimation of stature by Chinese female lower limb bones 385

第五节　骨骼身高推断方法存在的问题Problem in estimation netgid of stature 387

一、现应用的骨骼身高推断方法存在的缺陷Problem of estimation of stature with appling methods 387

二、中国成人正常身高的参考值Date of Chinese stature 387

第九章　牙齿的鉴定Examination of teeth 389

第一节　牙齿的种族及性别鉴定Estimation of races and sex by teeth 391

一、牙齿的种族特征Race characters of teeth 391

二、牙齿的性别差异Sex characters of teeth 393

第二节　牙齿的年龄判定Age estimation of teeth 394

一、牙齿萌出的年龄判定Age estimation of eruption of teeth 394

二、牙齿磨耗的年龄判定Age estimation of teeth attrition 395

第十章　颅相重合技术及颅骨容貌复原Superprojection and facial reconstruction 409

第一节　颅相重合技术Superprojection technique 411

一、颅相重合技术的操作方法Operation of superprojection technique 411

二、颅相重合的标准和对重合结果的评价Standard and determination of result of superprojection technique 418

第二节　颅骨容貌复原技术Facial reconstruction technique 421

一、颅骨复原容貌的原理Principles of facial reconstruction 422

二、颅骨复原容貌的技法Methods of facial reconstruction 424

第十一章　毛发的检验Examination of hair 431

第一节　概述Introduction　 433

一、毛发的生理特点Physiological characters ofhair 433

二、毛发的结构和理化性质Structure and nature of hair 436

三、理化因素对毛发的作用Hair effected by physical and chemical factors　　 438

第二节　毛发的形态学检验Morphological examination of hair 441

一、毛发实验室检验的程序Regulation of hair examination in laboratory 441

二、毛发的形态学检验内容Contents of morphological hair examination 442

三、毛发形态学检验的方法Methods of morphological hair examination　　 447

参考文献References 451