汉语教与学必备：教什么？怎么教？ 简体 上 什么篇：语用与语法走廊PDF电子书下载

A．语音——汉语拼音 Phonetics—Hanyu Pinyin 1

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning音节 Syllables 4

声母及特点 Initials and Their Features 4

韵母及特点 Finals and Their Features 4

声调 Tones 6

教学难点 Difficulties 8

韵母的拼写 Spelling of the Finals 8

声母的读法 Pronunciation of Initials 10

拼读 Pronunciation of Words 11

声调标号 Tone Marks 12

B．汉字 Characters 13

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning汉字的使用 The Use of Chinese Characters 15

汉字的书写形成 Chinese Characters and Compositions 15

书写汉字 Writing Characters 17

用计算机写汉字 Computerized Writing 18

教学难点 Difficulties 20

记忆汉字 Memorizing Chinese Characters 20

1．数字与生活 Numbers in Life 22

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning:数字／数目 Number,Amount,Quantity,Digit 25

数学用语 Mathematical Terms 26

名量词 Measure Words for Noun(Nominal Measure Word) 28

钱 Cash,Money 28

年龄 Age 30

电话号码 Telephone Number 31

日历 Calendar 31

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 31

年龄 Age 31

“一”vs．“幺” 32

“二”vs．“两” 32

换算 Conversion of Big Numbers from English to Chinese 33

对数字的听力理解 Listening Comprehension of Numbers 34

名量词 Measure Word for Noun(Nominal Measure Word) 34

“多”的使用 Use of“多” 36

词汇表 Glossary 37

常用量词表 List of Commonly Used Measure Words 37

2．自我介绍 Self Introduction 45

教学重点 Content of Learning 48

问好 Greetings 48

介绍姓名 Introducing Names 50

介绍年龄 Introducing Age 52

介绍电话号码 Introducing Telephone Numbers 53

介绍家庭住址 Introducing Home Addresses 53

称谓 Titles 54

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 57

形容词谓语句 Adjective as Predicate 57

“不”的变调 Tone Sandhi for“不” 57

汉语的“Yes/No” Yes and No in Chinese 57

姓与名的位置 Positions of“姓”and“名” 58

“姓”与“叫”的使用 Practical Uses of“姓”and“叫” 59

“姓”and“名”vs．“是” 59

请教尊姓大名 Formal and Informal Ways of Inquiring Names 59

词汇表 Glossary 60

常用（人与物）代词表 List of Commonly Used Pronouns for People/Animals and Objects 60

3．家人 Family Members 62

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning家人 Family Members 65

有／没有 Have/Not to Have 68

量词 Measure Words 68

问答 Questions and Answers 68

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 69

兄弟姐妹排行 Order of Your Siblings 69

非嫡系兄弟姐妹 Half/Step Siblings 69

亲戚 Relatives 70

不／没有 Negatives 70

名量词 Measure Words for Noun(Nominal Measure Words) 71

文化联系 Culture Connection 72

中国家庭 Chinse Family 72

4．国家／人／语言 Country/People/Language 73

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning:谈国籍与语言 Speaking about Citizenship and Language 76

谈地点 Speaking about Locations 77

简单问句 Simple Questions 77

复杂问句 Complex Questions 78

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 79

"Chinese" 79

“是”vs．“在” 80

"Latin"vs."Spanish" 81

“在”vs．“在住”vs．“住在” 81

“说”vs．“告诉” 81

"Where are you from?" 82

Function of“哪” 82

“也”vs．“和” 83

“And”vs．“和” 84

“也”vs．“还” 84

“都不”vs．“不都” 85

“都”vs．“All” 85

文化联系 Culture Connection 86

我们都是美国人 We are all Americans 86

汉语／中文／华文 Chinese Language 87

词汇表 Glossary 87

国家／人 Country/People 87

语言 Language 88

有关地理词 Related Geographical Terms 88

5．工作与职业 Work and Occupation 91

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning工作与职业 Work and Occupation 93

询问／表述职业 Asking and Speaking about Occupation 94

工作地点 Workplace 94

询问／表述工作地点 Asking and Speaking about Workplace 95

文化联系 Culture Connection 95

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 96

“做”vs．“是” 96

地点在句中的位置 Position of Location Word in a Sentence 96

词汇表 Glossary 98

跟学习相关的词汇 Words Related to Study 98

6．时间 Time 101

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning时间点 Point of time—Moment 104

时间段 Period of time—Duration 110

句型与提问 Sentence Patterns and Questions 112

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 114

时间点在句中的位置 Position of Time Phrase in the Sentence 114

行为指示时间 Actions Indicate Time 114

时间点做名词定语 Point of Time as Attributive 115

Year vs．“年” 116

上？下？ Last and Next 116

时间点与时间段 Point in Time vs.Period of Time 117

7．行为与事件 Actions＆Events 118

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning常用动词与动词词组 Commonly Used Verbs and Verbal Phrases 120

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 125

动词的分类 Category of Verbs 125

汉语形容词的动词性 Adjectives as Verbs 127

动词做时间词 Actions Indicating Time 127

状语与动作的关系（对比英语） Relationship between Adverbial and Action(Comparing with English) 128

英语中的“看” “看”in Enghish 128

汉语中的“to know” "To know"in Chinese 129

汉语中的“to visit” "To visit"in Chinese 130

补充语法点 Supplementary Notes 130

双宾语 Double Object 130

8．爱好／选择／责任 Hobby/Preference/Obligation 132

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning能愿动词／助动词表 List of Modal Verbs(Auxiliary Verbs) 134

能愿动词的使用：例句与比较 Use of Modal Verbs:Example＆Comparison 135

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 137

“想”vs．“要” 137

“想”and“要”vs．“喜欢” 138

“想”vs."Want" 139

"Ask"in Chinese 140

"Can"in Chinese 141

“会”vs．“能”vs．“可以” 141

“不用”vs．“甭”＆“不要”vs．“别” 142

Negative for“得”and“不得不” 142

9．评议行为 Evaluating Actions 143

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning程度补语 Complement of Degrees 145

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 146

程度补语句型 Structure of the Complement of Degrees 146

程度补语功能 Function of the Complement of Degrees 146

“（一）点”vs．“有（一）点” 147

动词组vs．双音节动词 Verbal Phrases vs.Two-word Verbs 148

汉语的副词与英语的副词 Chinese Adverbs vs.English Adverbs 149

难以翻译的形容词 Adjectives Difficult to Translate 150

词汇表 Glossary 152

常用副词表 List of Commonly Used Adverbs 152

常用简易形容词表 List of Commonly Used Simple Adjectives 153

10．颜色 Color 158

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning颜色 Color 160

“是……的”结构“是……的” Structure 162

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 164

颜色作为形容词 Colors as Adjectives 164

颜色的使用 Description vs.Identification 164

形状和颜色 Shape and Color 165

11．服装与学习用具 Clothing and Study Tools 166

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning量词 Measure Words 168

服装 Clothing 168

服饰 Accessories 170

学习用具 Study Tools 171

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 172

量词的使用 Usage of Measure Words 172

"Wear"in Chinese 173

复杂定语（名词组） Complex Noun Phrases 173

12．复句——分析与争辩 Complex Sentence Patterns—Reasoning and Arguing 174

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning复句句型 Complex Sentence Patterns 176

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 182

主语与副词 Subjects and Adverbs 182

主语在句中的位置 Position of Subjects in the Sentences 182

“除了……以外”and“疑问词＋都” 183

“再”vs．“又” 183

“不管”与疑问 Interrogative Form in“不管”Sentence 184

“正在”vs．“刚” 184

13．叙述与询问 Telling Stories—Narration and Inquiry 186

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning日常活动行为 General Actions 188

特定事件 Specific Events 189

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 192

日常与特定 General Actions vs.Specific Events 192

比较否定词“不”和“没” Comparing Negatives：“不”vs．“没” 193

“了”的各种用法 When/How to Use“了” 195

14．疑问句 Questions 198

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning疑问句 Questions 200

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 203

形容词做谓语：“是”和“好” Adjective as Predicate：“是”vs．“好” 203

“or”在疑问句和陈述句中 "Or"in Questions vs."Or"in Statements 204

"To ask"vs．“问” 204

"I don't know..."vs．“我不知道” 205

复合句 Complex Sentences 206

15．方位 Driection and Position 207

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning方位词 Words Indicating Position/Location 209

方位词尾 Suffixes Indicating Position/Location 209

方位词组 Phrases Indicating Position/Location 210

有用句型 Sentence Patterns for Describing Position/Location 211

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 212

"Northeast"vs．“东北” 212

复杂名词组 Complex Noun Phrases 212

“部”“边”“面”“方”的用法 Use of“部”，“边”，“面”and“方” 213

文化联系 Culture Connection 215

说汉语的国家与地区 Chinese-Speaking Countries and Regions 215

词汇表 Glossary 215

建筑 Structure 215

居家 Home 216

学校 School 218

16．地点表 List of Place 220

17．怎么做？ How Is It Done?—Methods,Manners,Means of Action 226

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning行为方式与工具表 List of Methods,Manners and Means 228

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 230

状语在句中的位置 Positions of Adverbial Phrases in the Sentences 230

描述性状态vs．伴随状态 Descriptive Manners vs.Companion Action 230

词汇表 Glossary 231

方式状语表 List of Adverbial Phrases by Category 231

18．名词组 Noun Phrases 238

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning名词组的构成 Formation of Noun Phrases 240

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 245

名词组 Noun Phrases 245

形容词修饰名词 Adjective as Modification 246

定语（修饰词）的顺序 Order of Modifiers 246

19．度量衡 Measurements 248

20．比较 Comparison 251

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning三级比较 Three-levels of Comparison 253

比较不同 Comparing Difference 254

比较相同 Comparing Similarity 256

比较所有 Comparing Possession 258

比较喜好 Comparing Preferences 259

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 260

“很”和“much”在比较句中 “很”vs."Much"in Comparison 260

比较句中数量的位置 Position of Quantity in Comparative Sentences 261

中英文比较所有的不同“有” vs."to Have"in Comparison 261

喜好的比较 Preferences in Comparison 262

比较句的否定式 Negatives in Comparison 262

“比”vs．“跟” 262

21．指路 Asing and Giving Directions 263

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning认识路标 Identifying handmarks 266

计划路线和预测时间 Plan the Route and Predict the Time 270

指方向 Giving Directions 273

指路——有用的句型 Giving Directions—Useful Sentence Patterns 274

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 275

结果补语 Resultant Complement 275

“在”作为结果“在” as A Result 277

可能补语vs．结果补语 Potential Complements vs.Resultant Complement 278

“能”与“可能” Potentials and Abilities 279

可能补语vs．程度补语 Potential Complement vs.Complement of Degree 279

词汇表 Glossary 280

路标 Road Signs 280

交通用语 Related Traffic Expressions 280

补充语法点 Supplementary Notes 281

趋向补语 Directional Complement 281

22．指令 Giving Instructions(Orders,Directions) 285

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning指令 Giving Instructions(Orders,Directions) 288

常用的指令 Commonly Used Instructions 291

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 292

“问”vs．“请” Asking a Question vs.Asking Someone 292

“想”vs．“想让” Wanting Someone to Do Something 293

听什么？ Listening to"What"? 294

“把”字句的使用 Use of“把”Sentence 294

“把”字句与“被”字句的比较与使用 “把”Sentence vs．“被”Sentence 297

词汇表 Glossary 299

文化联系 Culture Connection 304

中国食品 Chinese Food 304

中国珍宝 Chinese Treasures 305

23．季节与天气 Seasons and Weather 306

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning季节 Seasons 308

天气 Weather 309

温度 Temperature 312

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 314

一年四季 Seasons in the Year 314

描述天气 Describing Weather 314

温度 Temperature 315

24．健康／身体／看病 Health/Body/See a Doctor 317

教学重点 Content of Teaching and Learning身体部位 Body Parts 319

症状 Symptoms 320

去医院 Going to Hospital 322

谈经历 Discussing Past Experience 323

教学难点 Cruxes of Teaching and Learning 325

“过”vs．“了” 325

动量词“次” Measure Word for Action—“次” 325

看病 Seeing a Doctor 326

大夫vs．医生 How to Refer to a Doctor? 327

索引 Index 328

语法教学内容 328

词汇表 329

汉语语音表 Phonetic Chart 331

Group One Finals 331

Group Two Finals 332

Group Three Finals 332

Group Four Finals 333

建议参考资料 Efernce 335

参考书目 Bibliography 340