文学导论 英文本PDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1

1 The Forms of Literature 1

2 What Do We Read for in Western Literature？ 3

CHAPTER 2 Fiction （1） The Novel 5

3 What Is the Novel？ 5

3.1 By Etymology 5

3.2 By Distinction 6

3.3 By Analysis and Synthesis 7

4 Kinds of the Novel 9

4.1 By Length 9

4.1.1 Full-length Novel 9

4.1.2 Short Novel 9

4.1.3 Trilogy 10

4.1.4 Tetralogy 10

4.2 By Subject Matter 10

4.2.1 Picaresque Novel 10

4.2.2 Gothic Novel 11

4.2.3 Bildungsroman 11

4.2.4 Kunstlerroman 11

4.2.5 Psychological Novel 12

4.2.6 Sociological Novel 12

4.2.7 Proletariat Novel 12

4.2.8 Novels of the Soil 12

4.2.9 Romance 13

4.3 By Technique 13

4.3.1 Epistolary Novel 13

4.3.2 The Novel of Ideas 14

4.3.3 Roman a Clef 14

4.3.4 The New Novel 14

4.3.5 Nonfiictional Novel 14

4.3.6 The Historical Novel 15

5 Early Development of the Novel 15

6 Elements of the Novel 17

6.1 Story 17

6.1.1 What Is Story？ 17

6.1.2 The Story and the Novel 18

6.2 Character 18

6.2.1 What Is Character？ 18

6.2.2 Kinds of Characters 19

6.3 Plot 21

6.3.1 What Is Plot？ 21

6.3.2 Phases of a Plot 21

6.3.3 How Is a Plot Made？ 23

6.4 Theme 25

6.4.1 What Is Theme？ 25

6.4.2 Clarification about Theme 26

6.4.3 Five Requirements for Stating a Theme 27

6.4.4 Where to Look for the Theme 27

6.5 Setting 28

6.6 Narrative Point of View 29

6.6.1 What Is Point of View？ 29

6.6.2 What Is a Narrator？ 29

6.6.3 Kinds of Point of View 29

6.6.4 Exercises 31

7 Criticism of a Novel 32

F.Scott Fitzgerald， The Great Gatsby 37

CHAPTER 3 Fiction （2） The Short Story 140

8 What Is a Short Story？ 140

8.1 Ancient Forms 140

8.2 In the Modern Sense 141

8.3 A Distinct Genre 142

9 Learning to Read a Story 143

Petronius， The Widow of Ephesus 144

10 A Second Short Story for Study 149

Anton Chekhov， Mise 149

11 Learning to Respond 157

W.Somerset Maugham， The Treasure 158

12 Elements of the Short Story 170

12.1 Setting 171

12.2 Atmosphere 171

12.3 Plot 172

12.4 Character 173

12.5 Theme 173

13 Technique 175

13.1 Point of View 175

13.2 Symbolism 176

13.3 Imagery 178

13.4 Style 178

13.5 Tone 179

13.6 Irony 180

14 Understanding Fiction Through Context of Situation—— Linguistic and Non-Linguistic 182

14.1 Stories That Illustrate the Use of Dramatic Point of View 183

Ernest Hemingway， Hills Like White Elephants 192

Raymond Carver， Popular Mechanics 196

D.H.Lawrence， The Shadow in the Rose Garden 199

Katherine Anne Porter， Rope 209

Ernest Hemingway， The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber 215

Katherine Anne Porter， The Jilting of Granny Weatherall 239

15 A Collection of Short Fiction 247

Guy de Maupassant， The Necklace 248

Kate Chopin， Ripe Figs 254

The Story of an Hour 255

The Storm 257

Anton Chekhov， Enemies 261

Charlotte Perkins Gilman， The Yellow Wallpaper 271

James Joyce， Araby 284

William Faulkner， A Rose for Emily 288

Jorge Luis Borges， The Intruder 295

Ernest Hemingway， Cat in the Rain 299

16 Metafiction 301

16.1 Definition 301

16.2 Analysis of Three Examples 301

John Barth， Lost in the Funhouse 303

Julio Cortazar， Blow-Up 320

Robert Coover， The Hat Act 331

Essay Questions for Chapter 2 and Chapter3 341

CHAPTER 4 Poetry 343

17 Definition of Poetry 343

17.1 Misconceptions about Poetry 345

17.1.1 “Rhymed writings are poetry.” 345

17.1.2 “Poetry is beautiful.” 345

17.1.3 Poetic License 345

17.1.4 Poetic Justice 345

18 Kinds of Poetry 346

18.1 Ballad 346

18.2 Lyric 347

18.3 Narrative Poem 347

18.4 Epic 347

18.5 Sonnet 348

18.5.1 Shakespearean Sonnet 348

18.5.2 Petrarchan Sonnet 348

18.5.3 Spenserian Sonnet 348

18.6 Ode 349

18.7 Elegy 349

18.8 Pastoral 350

18.9 Blank Verse 351

18.10 Free Verse 351

19 Brief History of Poetry 352

20 Elements of Poetry 353

20.1 Rhyme 353

20.2 Metrical Rhythm 354

20.3 Tone 355

20.4 Image 356

20.5 Theme 359

21 Poetic Devices 359

21.1 Simile 360

21.2 Metaphor 360

21.3 Conceit 361

21.4 Personification 361

21.5 Symbol 362

21.6 Paradox 362

21.7 Ambiguity 363

21.8 Onomatopoeia 364

22. Criticism of Poetry 364

22.1 General Questions 364

22.2 About Elements of Poetry 365

22.3 About Poetic Devices 370

22.4 Comprehensive Analysis 371

Robert Frost， Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 372

T.S.Eliot， The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock 372

A.E.Housman， To an Athlete Dying Young 376

They Say My Verse Is Sad： No Wonder 377

Edgar L.Masters， Amanda Barker 377

Wallace Stevens， Of Modern Poetry 378

William B.Yeats， The Second Coming 378

Charles Best， Sonnet of the Moon 379

Essay Questions for Chapter4 380

CHAPTER 5 Drama 382

23 What Is Drama？ 382

24 Drama as Performance 384

25 Reading Drama 386

26 The Plot Structure 388

27 The Rhythm of Tension and Release 391

28 A Selection of Plays 393

Eugene O’Neill， Desire under the Elms 393

Tennessee Williams， Cat on a Hot Tin Roof 445

Edward Albee， The Zoo Story 545

William Inge， Picnic 565

Discussion Questions for Chapter 5 630

CHAPTER 6 Film 633

29 Responding to Television and Film 633

30 Film Techniques 633

30.1 Shots 633

30.2 Sequences 634

30.3 Editing 634

31 Fiction Film 635

31.1 Genre Films 635

31.2 Non-Genre Films 636

31.2.1 Realism， Expressionism， and Comedy 636

31.2.2 The French New Wave 636

32 What to Write About 638

32.1 The Individual Film 638

32.1.1 Citizen Kane 638

32.1.2 Last Year at Marienbad 640

32.1.3 The Graduate 640

32.2 General Questions That Might Help 641

Discussion Questions for Chapter 6 642

CHAPTER 7 Writing 644

33 Writing about Literature —— Three Common Approaches 644

34 Writing a Research Paper 647

35 Some Critical Approaches 648

36 Suggested Procedures 650

37 The Mechanics of Writing 651

38 The Format of the Research Paper 653

38.1 Typing or Printing 653

38.2 Margins 653

38.3 Spacing 654

38.4 Heading and Title 654

38.5 Page Numbers 654

39 Bibliographic Aids 654

A Bibliography for Katherine Anne Porter’s “Flowering Judas” 655

40 Sample Essays with Documentation 659

A Case of Reification —— Character Study of Joe Christmas 660

Faulkner and the American Nature Tradition 669

Suggested Readings for Chapter 7 682

Appendix： 15 Web Sites 687