Introduction to wireless and mobile systems = 无线移动通信系统 (第四版) (英文版)PDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1

1.1 History of Cellular Systems 1

1.2 Characteristics of Cellular Systems 12

1.3 Fundamentals of Cellular Systems 15

1.4 Cellular System Infrastructure 21

1.5 Network Protocols 24

1.6 IEEE 802.11 Technologies 24

1.7 Ad Hoc Networks 25

1.8 Sensor Networks 26

1.9 Wireless MANs，LANs，BANs，and PANs 27

1.10 Security and Privacy in Wireless Networks 28

1.11 Satellite Systems 28

1.12 Recent Advances 29

1.13 Outline of the Book 29

1.14 References 30

1.15 Problems 31

CHAPTER 2 Mobile Radio Propagation 33

2.1 Introduction 33

2.2 Types of Radio Waves 33

2.3 Propagation Mechanisms 34

2.4 Free Space Propagation 35

2.5 Land Propagation 37

2.6 Path Loss 39

2.7 Slow Fading 41

2.8 Fast Fading 43

2.8.1 Statistical Characteristics of the Envelope 43

2.8.2 Characteristics of Instantaneous Amplitude 46

2.9 Doppler Effect 48

2.10 Delay Spread 50

2.11 IntersymbolInterference 51

2.12 Coherence Bandwidth 52

2.13 Cochannel Interference 52

2.14 Summary 53

2.15 References 53

2.16 Experiments 54

2.17 Open-Ended Projects 55

2.18 Problems 55

CHAPTER 3 Cellular Concept 58

3.1 Introduction 58

3.2 Cell Area 58

3.3 Signal Strength and Cell Parameters 60

3.4 Capacity of a Cell 64

3.5 Frequency Reuse 66

3.6 How to Form a Cluster 67

3.7 Cochannel Interference 70

3.8 Cell Splitting 72

3.9 Cell Sectoring 72

3.10 Summary 75

3.11 References 75

3.12 Experiments 75

3.13 Open-Ended Projects 77

3.14 Problems 77

CHAPTER 4 Multiple Radio Access 81

4.1 Introduction 81

4.2 Multiple Radio Access Protocols 82

4.3 Contention-Based Protocols 83

4.3.1 Pure ALOHA 84

4.3.2 Slotted ALOHA 85

4.3.3 CSMA 86

4.3.4 CSMA/CD 90

4.3.5 CSMA/CA 91

4.4 Comparison of CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA 95

4.5 Summary 95

4.6 References 95

4.7 Experiments 97

4.8 Open-Ended Projects 98

4.9 Problems 98

CHAPTER 5 Multiple Division Techniques 100

5.1 Introduction 100

5.2 Concepts and Models for Multiple Divisions 100

5.2.1 FDMA 101

5.2.2 TDMA 103

5.2.3 CDMA 105

5.2.4 OFDM 110

5.2.5 SDMA 112

5.2.6 Comparison of Multiple Division Techniques 113

5.3 Modulation Techniques 114

5.3.1 Amplitude Modulation （AM） 114

5.3.2 Frequency Modulation （FM） 114

5.3.3 FSK 116

5.3.4 Phase Shift Keying （PSK） 116

5.3.5 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying （QPSK） 117

5.3.6 rr/4QPSK 117

5.3.7 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation （QAM） 119

5.3.8 16QAM 119

5.4 Summary 120

5.5 References 121

5.6 Experiments 121

5.7 Open-Ended Projects 122

5.8 Problems 122

CHAPTER 6 Channel Allocation 125

6.1 Introduction 125

6.2 Static Allocation versus Dynamic Allocation 126

6.3 Fixed Channel Allocation （FCA） 126

6.3.1 Simple Borrowing Schemes 127

6.3.2 Complex Borrowing Schemes 127

6.4 Dynamic Channel Allocation （DCA） 130

6.4.1 Centralized Dynamic Channel Allocation Schemes 130

6.4.2 Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation Schemes 131

6.5 Hybrid Channel Allocation （HCA） 132

6.5.1 Hybrid Channel Allocation （HCA） Schemes 132

6.5.2 Flexible Channel Allocation Schemes 133

6.6 Allocation in Specialized System Structure 133

6.6.1 Channel Allocation in One-Dimensional Systems 133

6.6.2 Reuse Partitioning-Based Channel Allocation 134

6.6.3 Overlapped Cells-Based Channel Allocation 135

6.7 System Modeling 137

6.7.1 Basic Modeling 137

6.7.2 Modeling for Channel Reservation 139

6.8 Summary 140

6.9 References 141

6.10 Experiments 141

6.11 Open-Ended Projects 143

6.12 Problems 143

CHAPTER 7 Mobile Communication Systems 147

7.1 Introduction 147

7.2 Cellular System Infrastructure 147

7.3 Registration 151

7.4 Handoff Parameters and Underlying Support 153

7.4.1 Parameters Influencing Handoff 153

7.4.2 Handoff Underlying Support 154

7.5 Roaming Support 156

7.5.1 Home Agents，Foreign Agents，and Mobile IP 157

7.5.2 Rerouting in Backbone Routers 159

7.6 Multicasting 161

7.7 Ultra-Wideband Technology 164

7.7.1 UWB System Characteristics 164

7.7.2 UWB Signal Propagation 165

7.7.3 Current Status and Applications of UWB Technology 165

7.7.4 Difference between UWB and Spread Spectrum Techniques 166

7.7.5 UWB Technology Advantages 166

7.7.6 UWB Technology Drawbacks 167

7.7.7 Challenges for UWB Technology 167

7.7.8 Future Directions 168

7.8 Femto Cell Network 168

7.8.1 Technical Features 168

7.8.2 Challenges 171

7.9 Summary 173

7.10 References 173

7.11 Experiments 175

7.12 Open-Ended Problem 176

7.13 Problems 176

CHAPTER 8 Network Protocols 179

8.1 Introduction 179

8.1.1 Layer 1：Physical Layer 180

8.1.2 Layer 2：Data Link Layer 181

8.1.3 Layer 3：Network Layer 181

8.1.4 Layer 4：Transport Layer 181

8.1.5 Layer 5：Session Layer 181

8.1.6 Layer 6：Presentation Layer 182

8.1.7 Layer 7：Application Layer 182

8.2 TCP/IP Protocol 182

8.2.1 Physical and Data Link Layers 182

8.2.2 Network Layer 183

8.2.3 TCP 185

8.2.4 Application Layer 185

8.2.5 Routing Using Bellman-Ford Algorithm 185

8.3 TCP over Wireless 186

8.3.1 Need for TCP over Wireless 186

8.3.2 Limitations of Wired Version ofTCP 187

8.3.3 Solutions for Wireless Environment 187

8.3.4 Link Layer Protocols 189

8.4 Internet Protocol Version 6 （IPv6） 190

8.4.1 Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 190

8.4.2 IPv6 Header Format 192

8.4.3 Features of IPv6 192

8.4.4 Differences between IPv6 and IPv4 193

8.5 Summary 193

8.6 References 193

8.7 Experiment 195

8.8 Open-Ended Project 195

8.9 Problems 196

CHAPTER 9 Existing Wireless Systems 198

9.1 Introduction 198

9.2 AMPS 198

9.2.1 Characteristics of AMPS 199

9.2.2 Operation of AMPS 199

9.2.3 General Working of AMPS Phone System 202

9.3 IS-41 203

9.3.1 Introduction 203

9.3.2 Support Operations 205

9.4 GSM 205

9.4.1 Frequency Bands and Channels 206

9.4.2 Frames in GSM 208

9.4.3 Identity Numbers Used by a GSM System 209

9.4.4 Interfaces，Planes，and Layers of GSM 211

9.4.5 Handoff 213

9.4.6 Short Message Service （SMS） 214

9.5 IS-95 214

9.5.1 Power Control 217

9.6 IMT-2000 219

9.6.1 International Spectrum Allocation 220

9.6.2 Services Provided byThird-Generation Cellular Systems （3G） 220

9.6.3 Harmonized Third-Generation Systems 221

9.6.4 Multimedia Messaging Service （MMS） 222

9.6.5 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System （UMTS） 223

9.7 Summary 227

9.8 References 228

9.9 Problems 228

CHAPTER 10 IEEE 802.11 Technologies and Access Points 230

10.1 Introduction 230

10.2 Downlink Transfer of Information 231

10.3 Uplink Transfer of Information 235

10.3.1 UplinkTransfer of Information with RTS/CTS 235

10.4 Variants of 802.11 Series Protocols 238

10.4.1 IEEE 802.11 b 239

10.4.2 IEEE802.11g 240

10.4.3 IEEE 802.1 1 n 240

10.4.4 IEEE 802.1 1 ac 241

10.5 WiFi Access in Airplanes 243

10.6 Summary 244

10.7 References 244

10.8 Experiment 245

10.9 Open-Ended Project 245

10.10 Problems 245

CHAPTER 11 Ad Hoc Networks 247

11.1 Introduction 247

11.2 Characteristics of MANETs 249

11.3 Applications 250

11.4 Routing 251

11.4.1 Need for Routing 251

11.4.2 Routing Classification 252

11.5 Table-Driven Routing Protocols 253

11.5.1 Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing 253

11.5.2 Cluster Formation in a MANET 254

11.5.3 Cluster Head Selection 254

11.5.4 Cluster Head Gateway Switch Routing 254

11.5.5 Wireless Routing Protocol 256

11.6 Source-Initiated On-Demand Routing 257

11.6.1 Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing 257

11.6.2 Dynamic Source Routing 258

11.6.3 Temporarily Ordered Routing Algorithm （TORA） 260

11.6.4 Associativity-Based Routing 262

11.6.5 Signal Stability-Based Routing 263

11.7 Hybrid Protocols 264

11.7.1 Zone Routing 264

11.7.2 Fisheye State Routing 265

11.7.3 Landmark Routing （LANMAR） for MANET with Group Mobility 265

11.7.4 Location-Aided Routing 266

11.7.5 Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility 267

11.7.6 Relative Distance Microdiscovery Ad Hoc Routing （RDMAR） 268

11.7.7 Power Aware Routing 268

11.8 Multipath Routing Protocols 269

11.8.1 On-Demand Multipath Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 270

11.8.2 Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector-Backup Routing （AODV-BR） 271

11.8.3 Split Multipath Routing 273

11.8.4 Caching and Multipath Routing Protocol 273

11.8.5 Neighbor-Table-Based Multipath Routing in Ad Hoc Networks （NTBMR） 276

11.9 Vehicular Area Network （VANET） 277

11.10 Network Simulators 280

11.10.1 ns-2 and ns-3 280

11.10.2 Other Network Simulators 282

11.11 Summary 283

11.12 References 283

11.13 Experiments 287

11.14 Open-Ended Project 289

11.15 Problems 289

CHAPTER 12 Sensor Networks 293

12.1 Introduction 293

12.2 Network Characteristics 297

12.2.1 Classification of Sensor Networks 297

12.2.2 Fundamentals of MAC Protocol for WSNs 298

12.2.3 Flat Routing in Sensor Networks 299

12.2.4 Directed Diffusion 299

12.2.5 Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation （SPIN） 300

12.2.6 COUGAR 300

12.3 Hierarchical Routing in Sensor Networks 301

12.3.1 Cluster-Based Routing Protocol （CBRP） 303

12.3.2 Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy （LEACH） 303

12.3.3 Threshold-Sensitive Energy-Efficient Network （TEEN） 304

12.3.4 Adaptive Periodic Threshold-Sensitive Energy-Efficient Sensor Network（APTEEN）Protocol 305

CHAPTER 13 Wireless LANs，PANs，BANs，and MANs 308

13.1 Introduction 308

13.2 ETSI High-Performance LAN （HiperLAN） 308

13.3 HomeRF 310

13.4 Ricochet 312

13.5 Wireless Personal Area Networks （WPANs） 313

13.6 IEEE 802.15.1 （Bluetooth） 314

13.6.1 Architecture of the Bluetooth System 317

13.6.2 IEEE 802.15.3 320

13.6.3 IEEE 802.15.4 322

13.7 ZigBee 328

13.8 Wireless Body Area Networks （WBANs） 329

13.9 WMANs Using Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access （WiMAX） 330

13.9.1 MAC Layer 330

13.9.2 MAC Layer Details 331

13.9.3 Service-Specific Convergence Sublayers 331

13.9.4 Common Part Sublayer 331

13.9.5 Physical Layer 335

13.9.6 Physical Layer Details 336

13.10 WMAN Using a Mesh Network 337

13.11 WMANs Using 3GPP and Long Term Evolution （LTE） 340

13.12 WMAN Using Long Term Evolution （LTE） and LTE-A 343

13.13 Summary 346

13.14 References 347

13.15 Experiments 349

13.16 Open-Ended Project 350

13.17 Problems 351

CHAPTER 14 Security and Privacy in Wireless Networks 354

14.1 Introduction 354

14.2 Encryption and Decryption Techniques 354

14.2.1 Encryption Techniques 355

14.3 Wireless System Security 358

14.3.1 Security in Cell Phones 360

14.3.2 Security in LTE Networks 360

14.3.3 Authentication in WiFi-Based AP Networks 361

14.3.4 Diffie-Hellman Protocol 364

14.3.5 Elliptic Curve Cryptography （ECC） 365

14.4 Firewalls and System Security 366

14.5 Security Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks （MANETs） 367

14.5.1 Security Approaches 369

14.5.2 Intrusion Detection 369

14.5.3 Requirements for an IDS for MANETs 370

14.5.4 Mobile Agents for Intrusion Detection and Response in a MANET 372

14.5.5 Intrusion Detection Architecture （IDA） Based on a Static Stationary Database （SSD） 373

14.5.6 Cluster-Based Intrusion Detection System in MANETs 374

14.5.7 Logging Module 376

14.5.8 Selfishness in a MANET 377

14.6 Secured Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks （WSNs） 377

14.6.1 Shared Symmetric Key between Two Sensors in a Randomly Deployed WSN 379

14.6.2 Use of Bivariate Polynomial in Establishing a Shared Secret Key between Two Sensors 382

14.6.3 Intrusion Detection Schemes 382

14.7 Distributed DoS （DDoS） Attack Detection 386

14.7.1 Covariance Analysis Method 388

14.8 Summary 391

14.9 References 392

14.10 Experiments 396

14.11 Open-Ended Project 397

14.12 Problems 397

CHAPTER 15 Satellite Systems 401

15.1 Introduction 401

15.2 Types of Satellite Systems 401

15.3 Characteristics of Satellite Systems 406

15.4 Satellite System Infrastructure 408

Acronyms 411