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Preface 3

Introduction 9

Abbreviations 29

Sample Entries 30

PART Ⅰ．BIBLIOGRAPHY 33

A．General Reference 35

1．Bibliographies 35

2．Encyclopedias,Yearbooks,and Almanacs 44

3．Dictionaries 49

a．Humanities 49

b．Sciences 67

4．Indexes,Handbooks,and Research Guides 73

B．Theory,Methodology,and Problems 83

1．Systematic Treatises 83

2．General Treatments 88

3．Types of Translation 108

a．Literary 108

b．Scientific/Technical 127

c．Machine Translation 130

d．Journalistic 133

e．Interpreting 135

4．Other Factors 136

a．Cultural 136

b．Linguistic 140

c．Terminology,Transcription,and Idioms 149

d．Vetting 155

e．Problems of the Profession 157

C．History and Policy 161

1．Chinese 161

2．Others 171

1．Principles of Criticism 175

D．Evaluations and Critiques 175

2．Criticisms of Chinese-Other Languages Translations 179

3．Criticisms of Other Languages-Chinese Translations 182

E．Translation Training 187

PART Ⅱ．PERIODICALS 191

PART Ⅲ．DOCUMENTATION 209

A．Scholarship 211

1．Exhortation to Graduate Level Scholarship 211

2．The Ideal Dictionary 214

3．The Ideal Encyclopedia 218

4．How to Read a Book 225

5．How to Improve Your Reading Rate 230

6．Dewey Decimal Classification System for Libraries 231

7．Library of Congress Classification System for Libraries 232

8．Chinese Classification Systems for Libraries(A and B) 234

1．Essential Qualities of the Translator 240

B．Challenges 240

2．Institutes for the Training of Translators and Interpreters 241

3．Translators'Examinations 243

4．Testing Scientific and Technical Translators 252

5．Conference Interpreters 256

6．Sample Letters of Appointment for Interpreters 257

7．Co-ordination of Terminolcgical Activities 263

8．Need for a Professional Translators'Guild 264

9．Machine Translation:Success or Failure? 266

C．Recommendations 270

1．Recommendations of Asian and Middle-East Translators 270

2．Guide for Translators 271

3．Translators Charter 276

4．Code of Ethical Practices and Professional Rights 280

5．Principles for a Bill of Rights 282

6．Bill of Rights 283

7．Manifesto on Translation 284

8．Legal Protection of Translators and Translations 286

9．Code of Professional Ethics 292

D．Publishing 294

1．British Publishers on Translation 294

2．Questionnaire for University Presses 296

3．New Series of Chinese Literature Translations 299

4．Quality from the Scientific Publisher's Point of View 299

5．United Bible Societies Translations among Chinese 302

6．Of Fees and Freelances 303

7．Breaking into Print 304

8．Format Sheet for Publishing in Chinese 306

9．Format Sheet for Publishing in English 308

10．Correcting Proofs 311

PAR Ⅳ．ORGANIZATIONS 316

A．North America 318

1．The American Association of Language Specialists(TAALS) 318

2．American Literary Translators Association(ALTA) 318

4．American Translators Association(ATA) 319

3．American Society of Interpreters(ASI) 319

5．Associated Technical Services,Inc.(ATS) 320

6．Canadian Translators and Interpreters Council(CTIC) 320

7．Chinese-English Translation Assistance Group(CETA) 321

8．Council on National Literatures(CNL) 322

9．Intercultural Data Bank(ICDB) 323

10．Monterey Institute of Foreign Studies(MIFS) 323

11．National Endowment for the Humanities(NEH) 324

12．National Translations Center(NTC) 326

13．Society of Federal Linguists(SFL) 326

14．Translation Center(Columbia University[TC-CU]) 327

15．Translation Center(University of Texas at Dalias[TC-UTD]) 327

16．U.S.Joint Publications Research Service Translations(USJPRST) 328

B．Asia 328

1．China Consultants International Hong Kong Ltd.(CCIHK) 328

3．Foreign Languages Press(FLP) 329

2．Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific(ESCAP) 329

4．Himpunan Penterjemah Indonesia(HPI) 330

5．[Hong Kong Government Translation Organizations(HKGTO)] 330

6．Hong Kong Translation Society Limited(HKTS) 331

7．Indian Scientitic Translators Association(ISTA) 331

8．Japan Society of Translators(JST) 332

9．National Institute for Compilation and Translation(NICT) 332

10．National Translation Institute of Science and Technology(NTIST) 333

11．[People's Republic of China Translation Activitics(PRCTA)] 334

12．Translation and Publication Centre(TPC) 334

13．Translators Association of India(TAI) 335

C．Europe 335

1．Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureau(ASLIB) 335

2．Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureau Services:Translation(ASLIBST) 336

3．European Translations Centre(Centre Europeandes Traductions[ETC]) 338

4．Fédération Intemationale des P.E.N.Clubs(PEN) 338

5．International Association of Conference Interpreters(AIIC) 339

6．International Association of Conference Translators(AITC) 340

7．International Federation of Translators(FIT) 340

8．International Translations Centre(ITC) 341

9．National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLL) 341

10．Sheffield Interchange Organization(SINTO) 342

11．Translators Association(TA) 342

12．Translators Guild of the Institute of Linguists(TG) 343

13．United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization:Bureau of Documentation and Publication(UNESCOBDP) 344

Indexes Explanation 345

A．English Alphabetical Index 347

1．Authors 347

2．Titles 357

B．Chinese Stroke Order Index 367

1．Authors 367

2．Titles 375