朗文托福考试完全培训教程PDF电子书下载

SECTION ONE:LISTENINGLISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST(Paper) 3

LISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST(Computer) 10

LISTENING INTRODUCTION 22

SHORT DIALOGUES(Paper and Computer) 25

StrategiesSKILL 1:Focus on the last line 29

SKILL 2:Choose answers with synonyms 31

SKILL 3:Avoid similar sounds 33

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 1-3) 35

Who,What,WhereSKILL 4:Draw conclusions about who,what,where 36

SKILL 5:Listen for who and what in passives 39

SKILL 6:Listen for who and what with multiple nouns 41

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 4-6) 43

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-6) 44

NegativesSKILL 7:Listen for negative expressions 45

SKILL 8:Listen for double negative expressions 47

SKILL 9:Listen for"almost negative"expressions 49

SKILL 10:Listen for negatives with comparatives 51

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 7-10) 53

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-10) 54

FunctionsSKILL 11:Listen for expressions of agreement 55

SKILL 12:Listen for expressions of uncertainty and suggestion 57

SKILL 13:Listen for emphatic expressions of surprise 60

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 11-13) 62

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-13) 63

Contrary MeaningsSKILL 14:Listen for wishes 63

SKILL 15:Listen for untrue conditions 66

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 14-15) 68

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-15) 69

Idiomatic LanguageSKILL 16:Listen for two-and three-part verbs 70

SKILL 17:Listen for idioms 72

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 16-17) 74

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-17) 74

LONG CONVERSATIONS(Paper) 76

Before ListeningSKILL 18:Anticipate the topics 78

SKILL 19:Anticipate the questions 80

While ListeningSKILL 20:Determine the topic 82

SKILL 21:Draw conclusions about who,what,when,where 83

SKILL 22:Listen for answers in order 84

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 18-22) 86

LONG TALKS(Paper) 87

Before ListeningSKILL 23:Anticipate the topics 89

SKILL 24:Anticipate the questions 91

While ListeningSKILL 25:Determine the topic 93

SKILL 26:Draw conclusions about who,what,when,where 94

SKILL 27:Listen for answers in order 95

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 23-27) 97

CASUAL CONVERSATIONS(Computer) 98

SKILL 28:Understand casual conversations 100

ACADEMIC DISCUSSIONS(Computer) 103

SKILL 29:Recognize the organization 110

SKILL 30:Listen for direct and indirect details 118

SKILL 31:Visualize the passage 122

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 29-31) 128

ACADEMIC LECTURES(Computer) 134

SKILL 32:Recognize the organization 140

SKILL 33:Listen for direct and indirect details 148

SKILL 34:Visualize the passage 153

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 32-34) 159

LISTENING POST-TEST(Paper) 165

LISTENING POST-TEST(Computer) 171

SECTION TWO:STRUCTURESTRUCTURE DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST(Paper) 185

STRUCTURE DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST(Computer) 192

STRUCTURE INTRODUCTION 195

THE STRUCTURE QUESTIONS(Paper and Computer) 198

Sentences with Cne ClauseSKILL 1:Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb 200

SKILL 2:Be careful of objects of prepositions 201

SKILL 3:Be careful of appositives 203

SKILL 4:Be careful of present participles 205

SKILL 5:Be careful of past participles 206

EXERCISE(Skills 1-5) 208

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 1-5) 208

Sentences with Multiple ClausesSKILL 6:Use coordinate connectors correctly 209

SKILL 7:Use adverb time and cause connectors correcdy 211

SKILL 8:Use other adverb connectors correctly 213

EXERCISE(Skills 6-8) 215

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 6-8) 215

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-8) 216

More Sentences with Multiple ClausesSKILL 9:Use noun clause connectors correctly 217

SKILL 10:Use noun clause connector/subjects correcdy 219

SKILL 11:Use adjective clause connectors correctly 221

SKILL 12:Use adjective clause connector/subjects correctly 222

EXERCISE(Skills 9-12) 224

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 9-12) 225

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-12) 226

Sentences with Reduced ClausesSKILL 13:Use reduced adjective clauses correctly 227

SKILL 14:Use reduced adverb clauses correctly 230

EXERCISE(Skills 13-14) 232

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 13-14) 232

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-14) 233

Sentences with Inverted Subjects and VerbsSKILL 15:Invert the subject and verb with question words 235

SKILL 16:Invert the subject and verb with place expressions 236

SKILL 17:Invert the subject and verb with negatives 238

SKILL 18:Invert the subject and verb with conditionals 240

SKILL 19:Invert the subject and verb with comparisons 242

EXERCISE(Skills 15-19) 244

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 15-19) 244

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-19) 245

THE WRITTEN EXPRESSION QUESTIONS(Paper and Computer) 247

Problems with Subject/Verb AgreementSKILL 20:Make verbs agree after prepositional phrases 248

SKILL 21:Make verbs agree after expressions of quantity 249

SKILL 22:Make inverted verbs agree 250

SKILL 23:Make verbs agree after certain words 252

EXERCISE(Skills 20-23) 253

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 20-23) 253

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-23) 254

Problems with Parallel StructureSKILL 24:Use parallel structure with coordinate conjuncfions 256

SKILL 25:Use parallel structure with paired conjunctions 257

SKILL 26:Use parallel structure with comparisons 259

EXERCISE(Skills 24-26) 260

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 24-26) 260

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-26) 261

Problems with Comparatives and SuperlativesSKILL 27:Form comparatives and superlatives correctly 262

SKILL 28:Use comparatives and superlatives correctly 264

SKILL 29:Use the irregular -er,-er structure correctly 265

EXERCISE(Skills 27-29) 266

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 27-29) 266

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-29) 267

Problems with the Form of the VerbSKILL 30:After have,use the past participle 269

SKILL 31:After be,use the present participle or the past participle 270

SKILL 32:After will,would,or other modals,use the base form of the verb 270

EXERCISE(Skills 30-32) 271

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 30-32) 272

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-32) 272

Problems with the Use of the VerbSKILL 33:Know when to use the past With the present 274

SKILL 34:Use have and had correctly 275

SKILL 35:Use the correct tense with time expressions 276

SKILL 36:Use the correct tense with will and would 278

EXERCISE(Skills 33-36) 279

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 33-36) 279

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-36) 280

Problems with Passive VerbsSKILL 37:Use the correct form of the passive 282

SKILL 38:Recognize active and passive meanings 283

EXERCISE(Skills 37-38) 285

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 37-38) 285

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-38) 286

Problems with NounsSKILL 39:Use the correct singular or plural noun 287

SKILL 40:Distinguish countable and uncountable nouns 288

SKILL 41:Recognize irregular plurals of nouns 290

SKILL 42:Distinguish the person from the thing 291

EXERCISE(Skills 39-42) 292

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 39-42) 292

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-42) 293

Problems with PronounsSKILL 43:Distinguish subject and object pronouns 294

SKILL 44:Distinguish possessive adjectives and pronouns 296

SKILL 45:Check pronoun reference for agreement 297

EXERCISE(Skills 43-45) 298

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 43-45) 299

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-45) 299

Problems with Adjectives and AdverbsSKILL 46:Use basic adjectives and adverbs correctly 301

SKILL 47:Use adjectives after linking verbs 302

SKILL 48:Position adjectives and adverbs correctly 304

EXERCISE(Skills 46-48) 305

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 46-48) 306

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-48) 307

More Problems with AdjectivesSKILL 49:Recognize -ly adjectives 308

SKILL 50:Use predicate adjectives correctly 309

SKILL 51:Use -ed and -ing adjectives correctly 310

EXERCISE(Skills 49-51) 311

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 49-51) 312

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-51) 313

Problems with ArticlesSKILL 52:Use articles with singular nouns 314

SKILL 53:Distinguish a and an 315

SKILL 54:Make articles agree with nouns 316

SKILL 55:Distinguish specific and general ideas 317

EXERCISE(Skills 52-55) 318

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 52-55) 319

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-55) 319

Problems with PrepositionsSKILL 56:Recognize incorrect prepositions 321

SKILL 57:Recognize when prepositions have been omitted 322

EXERCISE(Skills 56-57) 323

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 56-57) 323

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-57) 324

Problems with UsageSKILL 58:Distinguish make and do 325

SKILL 59:Distinguish like,alike,and unlike 326

SKILL 60:Distinguish other,another,and others 327

EXERCISE(Skills 58-60) 328

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 58-60) 329

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-60) 330

STRUCTURE POST-TEST(Paper) 331

STRUCTURE POST-TEST(Computer) 338

SECTION THREE:READINGREADING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST(Paper) 343

READING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST(Computer) 350

READING INTRODUCTION 359

THE READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS(Paper and Computer) 368

Questions about the Ideas of the PassageSKILL 1:Answer main idea questions correctly 368

SKILL 2:Recognize the organization of ideas 373

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 1-2) 377

Directly Answered QuestionsSKILL 3:Answer stated detail questions correctly 379

SKILL 4:Find"unstated"details 385

SKILL 5:Find pronoun referents 388

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 3-5) 392

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-5) 395

Indirectly Answered QuestionsSKILL 6:Answer implied detail questions correctly 398

SKILL 7:Answer transition questions correctly 402

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 6-7) 405

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-7) 407

Vocabulary QuestionsSKILL 8:Find definitions from structural clues 411

SKILL 9:Determine meanings from word parts 415

SKILL 10:Use context to determine meanings of difficult words 419

SKILL 11:Use context to determine meanings of simple words 422

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 8-11) 425

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-11) 428

Overall Review QuestionsSKILL 12:Determine where specific information is found 431

SKILL 13:Determine the tone,purpose,or course 435

SKILL 14:Determine where to insert a piece of information 441

TOEFL EXERCISE(Skills 12-14) 445

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE(Skills 1-14) 448

RWADING POST-TEST(Paper) 452

READING POST-TEST(Computer) 461

SECTION FOUR:WRITINGWRITING INTRODUCTION 473

The Writing Score(Paper and Computer) 474

Sample Essays 475

Before Writing 481

SKILL 1:Decode the Topic 481

SKILL 2:Develop Supporting Ideas 484

While Writing 487

SKILL 3:Write the Introductory Paragraph 487

SKILL 4:Write Unified Supporting Paragraphs 490

SKILL 5:Write the Concluding Paragraph 493

SKILL 6:Connect the Supporting Paragraphs in the Essay 496

After Writing 499

SKILL 7:Edit Sentence Structure 499

7A Simple Sentence Structure 499

7B Compound Sentence Structure 501

7C Complex Sentence Structure 503

SKILL 8:Edit Written Expression 506

8A Inversions and Agreement 506

8B Parallel,Comparative,and Superlative Structures 507

8C Verbs 508

8D Nouns and Pronouns 509

8E Adjectives and Adverbs 510

8F Prepositions and Usage 511

COMPLETE TEST(Paper)Listening Comprehension 515

Structure and Written Expression 521

Reading Comprehension 528

Test of Written English 538

COMPLETE TEST(Computer)Listening 539

Structure 551

Reading 554

Writing 563

APPENDIXESAPPENDIX A:Similar Sounds 565

APPENDIX B:Two-and Three-Part Verbs 566

APPENDIX C:Idioms 570

APPENDIX D:Prepositions 574

APPENDIX E:Word Endings 576

APPENDIX F:Irregular Verb Forms 582

APPENDIX G:Formation of the Passive 584

APPENDIX H:Irregular Plurals 586

APPENDIX I:Word Parts 587

SCORING INFORMATIONScoring Your Pre-Tests,Post-Tests,and Complete Practice Tests 601

Charting Your Progress 603

RECORDING SCRIPT 604

ANSWER KEY 661