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CHAPTER one 第一章 Education and Student Life 教育和学生生活 1

TOPIC ONE Present Verb Forms 2

A.The Simple Present Tense 3

B.Adverbs of Frequency and Other Time Expressions 8

C.The Present Continuous Tense 11

D.Nonaction Verbs and the Continuous Tenses 13

TOPIC TWO Past Verb Forms 17

A.The Past Continuous Tense 18

B.The Simple Past Tense 21

C.Used To 25

TOPIC THREE Future Verb Forms 28

A.Be Going To 29

B.The Simple Future Tense 30

C.The Futu re Continuous Tense 32

TOPIC FOUR Questions and Responses 37

A.Auxiliary Verbs with Too,Either,So,and Neither 38

B.Tag Questions 41

C.Information Questions;Common Question Words 43

D.Prepositions 48

focus on testing:verb tenses 55

CHAPTER two 第二章 City Life 城市生活 57

TOPIC ONE Count Nouns 58

A.Introduction to Count and Noncount Nouns 59

B.A,An,and Some 60

C.Count Nouns with There+Be 62

D.Any,Some and A lot of 64

TOPIC TWO Noncount Nouns(1) 66

A.Noncount Nouns Versus Count Nouns(1) 68

B.How Much Versus How Many 70

C.Common Units of Measurement 70

TOPIC THREE Noncount Nouns(2) 76

A.Noncount Nouns Versus Count Nouns(2) 77

B.Noncount Nouns with There+Be 78

C.(A)Little Versus(A) Few;Not Much Versus Not Many 79

TOPIC FOUR The with Locations and Other Special Uses 82

A.The with Locations 83

B.The with the Verb Go 85

focus on testing:nouns and articles 89

CHAPTER three 第三章 Business and Money 商业与金钱 91

TOPIC ONE Modal Auxiliaries of Request and Permission 92

A.Introduction to Modal Auxiliaries 93

B.Making Requests and Giving Permission 94

C.Making Requests with Borrow and Lend 96

TOPIC TWO Modal Auxilia ries and Related Structures of Ability,Expectation,and Preference 99

A.Expressing Ability 100

B.Expressing Expectations 102

C.Expressing Preferences 103

TOPIC THREE Modal Auxiliaries and Related Structures of Advice and Need 106

A.Giving Advice 107

B.Expressing Need or Obligation 109

C.Expressing Lack of Need 109

TOPIC FOUR Modal Auxiliaries of Possibility,Impossibility,and Probability 111

A.Expressing Possibility 112

B.Expressing Impossibility or Disbelief 114

C.Expressing Probability 115

focus on testing:modals and related structures 118

CHAPTER four 第四章 Jobs and Professions 工作与职业 119

TOPIC ONE The Present Perfect Tense 120

A.The Present Perfect Tense(1) 121

B.Ever,Never,Already,Just,Recently,Still,and Yet 125

TOPIC TWO The Present Pe rfect Continuous Tense;The Present Perfect Tense(2) 129

A.The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 130

B.The Present Perfect Tense(2):The P resent Perfect Ve rsus the Present Perfect Continuous 133

TOPIC THREE The Past Perfect Tense 138

focus on testing:the present and past perfect tenses 143

TOPIC FOUR Review 144

CHAPTER five 第五章 Lifestyles 生活方式 151

TOPIC ONE Insepa rable Ph rasal Verbs 152

A.Insepa rable Ph rasal Verbs(1) 153

B.Inseparable Ph rasal Verbs(2) 155

TOPIC TWO Separable Ph rasal Verbs 159

A.Introduction to Separable Phrasal Verbs 160

B.Phrasal Verbs Related to Clothing,Cleaning,and Household Items 163

C.Phrasal Verbs Related to School or Studies 165

TOPIC THREE Separable and Inseparable Phrasal Verbs 168

A.More Separable Ph rasal Verbs 169

B.More Inseparable Ph rasal Verbs 170

TOPIC FOUR Participles and Adjectives Followed by Prepositions 174

A.Participles Followed by Prepositions 175

B.Adjectives Followed by Prepositions 178

focus on testing:phrasal verbs and related structures 182

CHAPTER six 第六章 The Global Village 地球村 183

TOPIC ONE Compound Sentences 184

A.Basic Sentence Structure 185

B.Introduction to Compound Sentences 187

C.Coordinating Conjunctions 188

D.Coordinating Conjunctions with Words and Phrases 190

TOPIC TWO Complex Sentences 191

A.Introduction to Complex Sentences 192

B.Types of Adverb Clauses 193

TOPIC THREE Clauses of Contrast(Concession),Reason,and Purpose 197

A.Clauses of Contrast(Concession)and Reason 198

B.Clauses of Purpose 199

TOPIC FOUR Clauses of Time and Condition:Present and Future time 202

A.Introduction to Clauses of Time and Condition 203

B.Clauses of Time and Condition:Present or Unspecified Time 203

C.Clauses of Time and Condition:Future Time 206

focus on testing:use of compound and complex sentences 213

CHAPTER seven 第七章 North America:The Land and the People 北美洲：土地与人民 215

TOPIC ONE Compound Sentences and Transitions 216

A.Compound Sentences(Review) 218

B.Transitions 219

TOPIC TWO The Past Perfect Continuous Tense;Time Clauses(1) 224

A.The Past Perfect Continuous Tense 225

B.Time Clauses with the Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous Tenses 229

TOPIC THREE Time Clauses(2) 232

A.Time Clauses with the Simple Past and Past Continuous Tenses 233

B.Time Clauses with the Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses 236

TOPIC FOUR Contrast of Simple,Compound,and Complex Sentences 240

focus on testing:use of compound and complex sentences 246

CHAPTER eight 第八章 Tastes and Preferences 品味与喜好 247

TOPIC ONE Positive Adjectives and Participles 248

A.Participles Used as Adjectives 249

B.Comparisons with (Not)As...As 251

C.Adjectives and Adverbs with So...That 254

TOPIC TWO Comparative Adjectives 257

A.Comparative Adjectives 258

B.Comparison of Nouns 259

C.Comparisons with Than 260

D.Comparative Adverbs 262

TOPIC THREE Superlative Forms 266

TOPIC FOUR Review 273

focus on testing:review of problem areas from chapters five through eight 279

CHAPTER nine 第九章 Discoveries 科学新发现 281

TOPIC ONE The Passive Voice with Simple Tenses 282

A.Introduction to the Passive Voice 283

B.The Passive Voice with the Simple Present and Past Tenses 284

C.Uses of By+Agent 286

D.It with the Passive Voice 288

TOPIC TWO The Passive Voice with the Present Perfect Tense 291

TOPIC THREE The Passive Voice with the Present Continuous Tense 296

TOPIC FOUR The Passive Voice with Modal Auxiliaries 301

focus on testing:use of the passive voice 305

CHAPTER ten 第十章 Medicine,Myths,and Magic 医术、神话与魔术 307

TOPIC ONE Adjective Clauses with That 308

A.Introduction to Adjective Clauses 309

B.Clauses with That:Replacement of Subjects 309

TOPIC TWO Adjective Clauses with Who,Which,and Whose 312

A.Clauses with Who and Which:Replacement of Subjects 314

B.Clauses with Whose:Replacement of Possessives 315

C.Restrictive Versus Nonrestrictive Clauses 316

TOPIC THREE Adjective Clauses with That,Which,and Who(m) 318

A.Clauses with That and Which:Replacement of Objects 319

B.Clauses with Who(m):Replacement of Objects 320

TOPIC FOUR Adjective Clauses with When and Where 323

focus on testing:use of adjective clauses 327

CHAPTER eleven 第十一章 The Media 传媒 329

TOPIC ONE Gerunds 330

A.Introduction to Gerunds and Infinitives 331

B.Uses of Gerunds 331

C.Gerunds After Prepositions 332

D.Common Verbs Often Followed by Gerunds 335

E.Common Verbs Often Followed by Gerunds or Infinitives(1) 336

TOPIC TWO Infinitives 338

A.Uses of Infinitives 339

B.Common Verbs Often Followed by Infinitives 342

C.Infinitives with Too and(Not)Enough 344

D.Infinitives of Purpose 346

TOPIC THREE Infinitives Versus Gerunds 348

Common Verbs Often Followed by Infinitives or Gerunds(2) 351

TOPIC FOUR Causative and Structurally Related Verbs;Verbs of Perception 354

A.Causative and Structurally Related Verbs 356

B.Verbs of Perception 358

focus on testing:use of gerunds,infinitives,and other verb forms 363

CHAPTER twelve 第十二章 Prejudice,Tolerance,and Justice 偏见、宽容及司法 365

TOPIC ONE Hope and Wish:Present and Future 366

TOPIC TWO Conditional Sentences:Present or Unspecified Time 372

TOPIC THREE Past Wishes and Conditions 376

A.Perfect Modal Auxi liaries 377

B.Past Wishes 381

C.Conditional Sentences:Past Time 382

TOPIC FOUR Review 384

focus on testing:review of problem areas from chapters nine through twelve 390

Appendix 附录 393

Index 索引 407