全球变化中的挑战和解决途径 英文版PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ Landscape Ecology and Forest Management 3

Chapter 1 Managing Forest Landscapes under Global Change Scenarios 3

1.1 Introduction 4

1.2 Forest management 6

1.3 New challenges in a changing globe 17

1.4 Landscape ecology contributions 19

1.5 Conclusion remarks 20

References 20

Chapter 2 Landscape Ecology Contributions to Forestry and Forest Management in China:Progresses and Research Needs 22

2.1 Introduction 23

2.2 China's forestry and forest management 25

2.3 Challenges and emerging global issues in forestry 32

2.4 Contributions of landscape ecology to forest management and conservation 34

2.5 Research needs for forest landscape management 37

2.6 Concluding remarks 40

Acknowledgements 41

References 41

Chapter 3 Issues Facing Forest Management in Canada,and Predictive Ecosystem Management Tools for Assessing Possible Futures 46

3.1 A brief history of forestry in Canada 47

3.2 Canada's lands and forests 49

3.3 Issues facing forestry in Canada today 51

3.4 How can Canadian forestry respond to these and other issues?One way is ecosystem management modeling 60

3.5 Conclusions 67

References 68

Part Ⅱ Modeling Disturbance and Succession in Forest LandscapesChapter 4 Challenges and Needs in Fire Management:A Landscape Simulation Modeling Perspective 75

4.1 Introduction 76

4.2 Simulation modeling in fire management 77

4.3 Technical challenges in fire management modeling 79

4.4 A fire management simulation example 82

4.5 Research and management needs and solutions 89

4.6 Summary 92

References 93

Chapter 5 Using Landscape Disturbance and Succession Models to Support Forest Management 99

5.1 Introduction 100

5.2 Overview of landscape disturbance and succession models 101

5.3 Case studies 103

5.4 General conclusions 113

5.5 Future of LDSMs in decision-making 115

Acknowledgements 116

References 116

Chapter 6 Research Methods for Assessing the Impacts of Forest Disturbance on Hydrology at Large-scale Watersheds 119

6.1 Introduction 120

6.2 Definition of large-scale watersheds 122

6.3 Quantification of forest disturbance 123

6.4 Research methods on assessing impacts of forest disturbance on hydrology at large-scale watersheds 126

6.5 Future directions 138

6.6 Conclusions 140

Acknowledgements 141

References 141

Chapter 7 Software Applications to Three-Dimensional Visualization of Forest Landscapes—A Case Study Demonstrating the Use of Visual Nature Studio(VNS)in Visualizing Fire Spread in Forest Landscapes 148

7.1 Introduction 149

7.2 Forest landscape visualization 150

7.3 Results and discussion 167

7.4 Conclusion 172

7.5 Future wildfire visualization research 173

Acknowledgements 174

References 174

Chapter 8 Predicting Tree Growth Dynamics of Boreal Forest in Response to Climate Change 176

8.1 Introduction 176

8.2 Materials and methods 178

8.3 Results 191

8.4 Discussion 198

8.5 Conclusions 202

Acknowledgements 202

References 203

Part Ⅲ Emerging Approaches in Forest Landscape Conservation 209

Chapter 9 The Next Frontier:Projecting the Effectiveness of Broad-scale Forest Conservation Strategies 209

9.1 Introduction 210

9.2 Template project:Wild Rivers Legacy Forest and Two Hearted River Watershed 220

9.3 Conclusions and implications:Pushing the frontier 226

References 227

Chapter 10 Forest Avian Species Richness Distribution and Management Guidelines under Global Change in Mediterranean Landscapes 231

10.1 Introduction 232

10.2 Material and methods 236

10.3 Results and discussion 239

10.4 Concluding remarks and forest management guidelines 247

Acknowledgements 248

References 248

Chapter 11 Development of a Forest Network System to Improve the Zoning Process:A Case Study in Japan 252

11.1 Background of the Japanese forest policy and methodological problems 253

11.2 State of the public participation 257

11.3 How to improve the current zoning process 260

11.4 On the effective use of social backgrounds and evaluation 263

11.5 Experts vs.the general public 267

11.6 Perspectives of the future 269

References 270

Chapter 12 Forest Fragmentation:Causes,Ecological Impacts and Implications for Landscape Management 273

12.1 Fragmentation:A plenitude of definitions 274

12.2 Demographic development and anthropogenic activity as drivers of fragmentation 277

12.3 Empirical evidences of the impact of fragmentation on biodiversity 282

12.4 Implications for landscape management—conclusions 287

Acknowledgements 292

References 292

Part Ⅳ Practicing Sustainable Forest Landscape Management 299

Chapter 13 Application of Landscape and Habitat Suitability Models to Conservation:The Hoosier National Forest Land-management Plan 299

13.1 Introduction 300

13.2 Methods 303

13.3 Results 308

13.4 Discussion 320

13.5 Recommendations for future planning efforts 324

Acknowledgements 325

References 325

Chapter 14 Agriculture Abandonment,Land-use Change and Fire Hazard in Mountain Landscapes in Northeastern Portugal 329

14.1 Introduction 330

14.2 Methodology 333

14.3 Results 337

14.4 Discussion 345

14.5 Implications for management 346

14.6 Conclusion 347

Acknowledgements 348

References 348

Chapter 15 Overview of Biodiversity Loss in South America:A Landscape Perspective for Sustainable Forest Management and Conservation in Temperate Forests 352

15.1 Introduction 353

15.2 The biological importance of the native temperate forests of South America 357

15 3 Threats to native forests 358

15.4 Forest management and conservation strategies:A response to native forests'threats 363

15.5 Management solutions:Modeling dynamics of forest ecosystems 366

15.6 Conclusions 370

References 372

Chapter 16 Conservation of Biodiversity in Managed Forests:Developing an Adaptive Decision Support System 380

16.1 Introduction 381

16.2 Methods 382

16.3 Results 387

16.4 Discussion 391

Acknowledgements 394

References 394

Appendix 398

Index 400