学习者为中心的课程设置 第二语言教学研究 英文版PDF电子书下载

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Preamble 1

1.2 Linguistics and Language Teaching 1

1.3 Learner-Centred Curriculum Develipment 2

1.4 The Curriculum Process 4

1.5 The Structure of the Study 8

1.6 Conclusion 9

2.1 Traditional Approaches to the Curriculum 10

2 Curriculum Processes 10

2.2 ESL and Curriculum Planning 15

2.3 Summary 20

3 Learner-Centred Curriculum Development 21

3.1 Introduction 21

3.2 Theoretical Bases for Learner-Centred Curricula 22

3.3 Communicative Language Teaching and Learner-Centred Curricula 24

3.4 Communicative Language Teaching-The Teacher's Perspective 28

3.5 The Concept of Language Proficiency 32

3.6 Towards a Generalised Language Curriculum Framework 35

3.7 The Teacher and the Curriculum 36

3.8 Summary 41

4 Pre-Course Planning Procedures 42

4.1 Introduction 42

4.2 The Starting Point 42

4.3 Needs Analysis 43

4.4 Participants Pre-Course Planning Procedures 45

4.5 Griping Learners 46

4.6 Resources for Planning 48

4.7 Investigating Needs-Analysis Procedures 51

4.8 Conclusion 52

5 Planning Content 54

5.1 Introduction 54

5.2 Content Selection-An Empirical Investigation 55

5.3 Analytical Approaches to Content Specification 57

5.4 Deriving Content from Learner Data 62

5.5 Conclusion 75

6.1 Introduction 76

6 Methodology 76

6.2 Methodology and Communicative Language Teaching 78

6.3 Acquisition in the Classroom 81

6.4 Stimulating Classroom Acquisition 84

6.5 Methodology in a Learner-Centred Curriculum 88

6.6 Negotiating Leaning Activities 95

6.7 Conclusion 97

7.1 Introduction 98

7 Resources for a Learner-Centred Curriculum 98

7.2 Materials in a Learner-Centred Curriculum 99

7.3 The Community as a Resource 105

7.4 The Teacher as Developer of Resources 108

7.5 Conclusion 115

8 Assessment and Evaluation 116

8.1 The Place of Evaluation in the Curriculum 116

8.2 Some Key Concepts in Evaluation 118

8.3 some Key Questions in Evaluation 121

8.4 The Assessment of Second-Language Proficiency 123

8.5 Techniques for Self-Assessment 130

8.6 Conclusion 134

9 Evaluation and Professional Development 136

9.1 Introduction 136

9.2 Evaluation and the Planning Process 137

9.3 Evaluation and the Implemented Curriculum 138

9.4 Evaluation and the Assessed Curriculum 142

9.5 Causes of Leaner Failure 144

9.6 Evaluation and Teacher Development 147

9.7 Conclusion 150

10 The Teacher as Curriculum Developer 151

10.1 Introduction 151

10.2 The Teacher as Curriculum Developer-A National Study 151

10.3 Future Directions 174

10.4 Conclusion 178

References 181

Appendix 187

Subject Index 191

Author Index 195