对象 组件 框架与 UML 应用 Objects ComponentsPDF电子书下载

PART Ⅰ OVERVIEW 1

Chapter 1 A Tour of Catalysis 3

1.1 Objects and Actions 3

1.2 Refinement:Objects and Actions at Different Scales 6

1.3 Development Layers 10

1.4 Business Modeling 11

1.5 Model Frameworks as Templates 13

1.6 Zooming In on the Software:System Context 15

1.7 Requirements Specification Models 16

1.8 Components 18

1.9 Assigning Responsibilities 25

1.10 Object-Oriented Design 30

1.11 The Development Process 31

1.12 Three Constructs Plus Frameworks 32

1.13 Three Levels of Modeling 35

1.14 Three Principles 37

1.15 Summary 39

PART Ⅱ MODELING WITH OBJECTS 43

Chapter 2 Static Models:Object Attributes and Invariants 45

2.1 What Is a Static Model? 46

2.2 Object State:Objects and Attributes 49

2.3 Implementations of Object State 54

2.4 Modeling Object State:Types,Attributes,and Associations 56

2.5 Static Invariants 66

2.6 The Dictionary 74

2.7 Models of Business;Models of Components 75

2.8 Summary 76

Chapter 3 Behavior Models:Object Types and Operations 79

3.1 Object Behavior:Objects and Actions 80

3.2 More Precise Action Specifications 86

3.3 Two Java Implementations of a Calendar 92

3.4 Type Specification of Calendar 97

3.5 Actions with Invariants 102

3.6 Interpreting an Action Specification 108

3.7 Subtypes and Type Extension 113

3.8 Factoring Action Specifications 117

3.9 State Charts 126

3.10 Outputs of Actions 134

3.11 Subjective Model:The Meaning of Containment 137

3.12 Type Specifications:Summary 139

3.13 Programming Language:Classes and Types 143

Chapter 4 Interaction Models:Use Cases,Actions,and Collaborations 153

4.1 Designing Object Collaborations 153

4.2 Actions(Use Cases)Abstract Complex Interactions 154

4.3 Use Cases Are Joint Actions 164

4.4 Actions and Effects 167

4.5 Concurrent Actions 168

4.6 Collaborations 172

4.7 Uses of Collaborations 173

4.8 Collaboration Specification 179

4.9 Collaborations:Summary 182

Chapter 5 Effective Documentation 185

5.1 What's It All For? 185

5.2 Documentation Is Easy and Fun,and It Speeds Design 186

5.3 Reaching the Documentation Audience 192

5.4 The Main Documents:Specification and Implementation 195

5.5 Documenting Business Models 198

5.6 Documenting Component Specifications 202

5.7 Documenting Component Implementations 206

5.8 Summary 208

PART Ⅲ FACTORING MODELS AND DESIGNS 211

Chapter 6 Abstraction,Refinement,and Testing 213

6.1 Zooming In and Out:Why Abstract and Refine? 214

6.2 Documenting Refinement and Conformance 230

6.3 Spreadsheet:A Refinement Example 233

6.4 Spreadsheet:Model Refinement 238

6.5 Spreadsheet:Action Refinement 247

6.6 Spreadsheet:Object Refinement 254

6.7 Spreadsheet:Operation Refinement 264

6.8 Refinement of State Charts 269

6.9 Summary 272

6.10 Process Patterns for Refinement 273

Pattern 6.1 The OO Golden Rule(Seamlessness or Continuity) 274

Pattern 6.2 The Golden Rule versus Other Optimizations 276

Pattern 6.3 Orthogonal Abstractions and Refinement 278

Pattern 6.4 Refinement Is a Relation,Not a Sequence 280

Pattern 6.5 Recursive Refinement 283

Chapter 7 Using Packages 285

7.1 What Is a Package? 285

7.2 Package Imports 292

7.3 How to Use Packages and Imports 298

7.4 Decoupling with Packages 303

7.5 Nested Packages 308

7.6 Encapsulation with Packages 310

7.7 Multiple Imports and Name Conflicts 312

7.8 Publication,Version Control,and Builds 315

7.9 Programming Language Packages 318

7.10 Summary 318

Chapter 8 Composing Models and Specifications 321

8.1 Sticking Pieces Together 321

8.2 Joining and Subtyping 322

8.3 Combining Packages and Their Definitions 324

8.4 Action Exceptions and Composing Specs 331

8.5 Summary 337

Chapter 9 Model Frameworks and Template Packages 339

9.1 Model Framework Overview 339

9.2 Model Frameworks of Types and Attributes 342

9.3 Collaboration Frameworks 346

9.4 Refining Frameworks 352

9.5 Composing Frameworks 357

9.6 Templates as Packages of Properties 359

9.7 Templates for Equality and Copying 366

9.8 Package Semantics 369

9.9 Down to Basics with Templates 373

9.10 Summary of Model Framework Concepts 378

PART Ⅳ IMPLEMENTATION BY ASSEMBLY 381

Chapter 10 Components and Connectors 383

10.1 Overview of Component-Based Development 384

10.2 The Evolution of Components 392

10.3 Building Components with Java 398

10.4 Components with COM+ 401

10.5 Components with CORBA 403

10.6 Component Kit:Pluggable Components Library 404

10.7 Component Architecture 409

10.8 Defining Cat One—A Component Architecture 414

10.9 Specifying Cat One Components 421

10.10 Connecting Cat One Components 426

10.11 Heterogeneous Components 428

Pattern 10.1 Extracting Generic Code Components 444

Pattern 10.2 Componentware Management 446

Pattern 10.3 Build Models from Frameworks 448

Pattern 10.4 Plug Conformance 449

Pattern 10.5 Using Legacy or Third-Party Components 450

10.12 Summary 452

Chapter 11 Reuse and Pluggable Design Frameworks in Code 453

11.1 Reuse and the Development Process 453

11.2 Generic Components and Plug-Points 457

11.3 The Framework Approach to Code Reuse 461

11.4 Frameworks:Specs to Code 465

11.5 Basic Plug Technology 471

11.6 Summary 477

Pattern 11.1 Role Delegation 478

Pattern 11.2 Pluggable Roles 480

Chapter 12 Architecture 481

12.1 What Is Architecture? 481

12.2 Why Architect? 486

12.3 Architecture Evaluation with Scenarios 490

12.4 Architecture Builds on Defined Elements 491

12.5 Architecture Uses Consistent Patterns 493

12.6 Application versus Technical Architecture 496

12.7 Typical Four-Tier Business Architecture 497

12.8 User Interfaces 498

12.9 Objects and Databases 501

12.10 Summary 502

PART Ⅴ HOW TO APPLY CATALYSIS 505

Chapter 13 Process Overview 507

13.1 Model,Design,Implement,and Test—Recursively 507

13.2 General Notes on the Process 510

13.3 Typical Project Evolution 522

13.4 Typical Package Structure 526

13.5 Main Process Patterns 530

Pattern 13.1 Object Development from Scratch 533

Pattern 13.2 Reengineering 535

Pattern 13.3 Short-Cycle Development 539

Pattern 13.4 Parallel work 541

Chapter 14 How to Build a Business Model 543

14.1 Business Modeling Process Patterns 543

Pattern 14.1 Business Process Improvement 545

Pattern 14.2 Make a Business Model 548

Pattern 14.3 Represent Business Vocabulary and Rules 551

Pattern 14.4 Involve Business Experts 552

Pattern 14.5 Creating a Common Business Model 554

Pattern 14.6 Choose a Level of Abstraction 556

14.2 Modeling Patterns 557

Pattern 14.7 The Type Model Is a Glossary 558

Pattern 14.8 Separation of Concepts:Normalization 560

Pattern 14.9 Items and Descriptors 562

Pattern 14.10 Generalize and Specialize 564

Pattern 14.11 Recursive Composite 565

Pattern 14.12 Invariants from Association Loops 567

14.3 Video Case Study:Abstract Business Model 569

14.4 Video Business:Use Case Refinement 575

Pattern 14.13 Action Reification 580

Chapter 15 How to Specify a Component 581

15.1 Patterns for Specifying Components 581

Pattern 15.1 Specify Components 583

Pattern 15.2 Bridge Requirements and Specifications 585

Pattern 15.3 Use-Case-Led System Specification 587

Pattern 15.4 Recursive Decomposition:Divide and Conquer 589

Pattern 15.5 Make a Context Model with Use Cases 591

Pattern 15.6 Storyboards 595

Pattern 15.7 Construct a System Behavior Spec 596

Pattern 15.8 Specifying a System Action 600

Pattern 15.9 Using State Charts in System Type Models 603

Pattern 15.10 Specify Component Views 607

Pattern 15.11 Compose Component Views 609

Pattern 15.12 Avoid Miracles,Refine the Spec 611

Pattern 15.13 Interpreting Models for Clients 613

15.2 Video Case Study:System Specifications 616

15.3 System Context Diagram 621

15.4 System Specification 626

15.5 Using Model Frameworks 634

Chapter 16 How to Implement a Component 639

16.1 Designing to Meet a Specification 639

Pattern 16.1 Decoupling 641

Pattern 16.2 High-Level Component Design 643

Pattern 16.3 Reifying Major Concurrent Use Cases 644

Pattern 16.4 Separating Fa？ades 646

Pattern 16.5 Platform Independence 649

Pattern 16.6 Separate Middleware from Business Components 650

Pattern 16.7 Implement Technical Architecture 652

Pattern 16.8 Basic Design 654

Pattern 16.9 Generalize after Basic Design 660

Pattern 16.10 Collaborations and Responsibilities 661

Pattern 16.11 Link and Attribute Ownership 664

Pattern 16.12 Object Locality and Link Implementation 665

Pattern 16.13 Optimization 667

16.2 Detailed Design Patterns 669

Pattern 16.14 Two-Way Link 670

Pattern 16.15 Role Decoupling 672

Pattern 16.16 Factories 674

Pattern 16.17 Observer 676

Pattern 16.18 Plug-Points and Plug-Ins 678

16.3 Video Case Study:Component-Based Design 680

Appendix A Object Constraint Language 689

Appendix B UML Perspective 697

Appendix C Catalysis Support Tools,Services, and Experiences 703

Notes 705

Glossary 715

Index 729