冲突碰撞与趋同下的中西文化PDF电子书下载

Foreword 1

Part Ⅰ East and West 2

Unit 1 Why Contrasting Chinese and Western Cultures？ 2

Ⅰ Ancient Civilizations and Cultures 2

Ⅱ Cross-cultural Comparative Studies in China 4

Ⅲ Imperatives for Contrasting Chinese and Western Cultures 7

Ⅳ Key Concepts 11

Unit 2 Traditional Characteristics of Chinese and Western Cultures 14

Ⅰ “There Are All Kinds of Birds When a Forest Gets Large” 15

Ⅱ Traditional Chinese Cultural Characteristics 17

Ⅲ Traditional Western Cultural Characteristics 24

Unit 3 Affinities Across Cultures 29

Ⅰ An Unexpected Affinity 30

Ⅱ Reading for More Cultural Affinities 30

Ⅲ Key Concepts 38

Part Ⅱ Cultural Differences in Silent Languages 43

Unit 4 Time 43

Ⅰ Time in China and the West 44

Ⅱ Two Time Modes 48

Ⅲ Past-oriented Societies vs.Future-oriented Societies 54

Ⅳ Two Time Orientations 57

Unit 5 Space 61

Ⅰ Spatial Language 62

Ⅱ Spatial Language and Culture 65

Ⅲ Spatial Language and Life 71

Ⅳ Changes We Cannot Afford 73

Unit 6 Smiles,Nods and Silence 75

Ⅰ Smiles 75

Ⅱ Nods 80

Ⅲ Silence 82

Part Ⅲ Cultural Differences in Thinking 89

Unit 7 Intuitive vs.Logical Thinking 89

Ⅰ Definitions of Intuitive and Logical Thinking 89

Ⅱ Philosophy and Thinking 90

Ⅲ Application of Two Thinking Modes 94

Ⅳ Impact of Thinking Modes on Writings 98

Ⅴ Logic in China and Intuition in the West 100

Unit 8 Dialectical vs.Analytical Reasoning 104

Ⅰ Proverb Preferences Across Cultures 104

Ⅱ Dialectical Reasoning 105

Ⅲ Analytical Reasoning 109

Ⅳ More About Two Reasoning Modes 113

Unit 9 Holistic vs.Atomistic Visions 116

Ⅰ A Detention Room Incident 116

Ⅱ Prominent Attributes of Holistic and Atomistic Visions 117

Ⅲ Vision and Cognition 122

Ⅳ Vision and Language 123

Ⅴ Zhengshan Xiaozhong and Lipton Black Tea 128

Unit 10 Categorizing Objects by Relationships vs.by Attributes 131

Ⅰ Two Ways to Categorize One Person 132

Ⅱ Principles to Categorize Objects 133

Ⅲ How to Categorize Objects and Why 135

Ⅳ Impacts of Different Ways of Categorization 137

Ⅴ Causal Attribution Differences Arising out of Different Categorization Ways 140

Unit 11 Non-controllers vs.Controllers 143

Ⅰ Too Early to Tell 144

Ⅱ Why So Different Stances Towards Life？ 144

Ⅲ “Being”and“Doing”Cultures 149

Ⅳ Manifestations of“Being”Culture and“Doing”Culture 153

Part Ⅳ Different Cultural Orientations 160

Unit 12 The Introvert-oriented vs.the Extrovert-oriented 160

Ⅰ Personality Types 160

Ⅱ Personality Types of Cultures 162

Ⅲ Effects of Personality Types on Pattern Preferences 166

Ⅳ A Contrast of Cultural Phenomena 171

Ⅴ The Trend of the Introvert-oriented Culture 175

Unit 13 Collectivism vs.Individualism 177

Ⅰ An Embarrassing Habit 177

Ⅱ Collectivism and Individualism as Cultural Orientations 179

Ⅲ Collectivism and Individualism in Cultural Anthropology 183

Ⅳ Collectivist and Individualist Perspectives of“Self” 185

Ⅴ Interdependence vs.Independence 189

Unit 14 Femininity vs.Masculinity 193

Ⅰ Gender Traits 193

Ⅱ Feminine Chinese Culture 195

Ⅲ Masculine Western Culture 201

Ⅳ Why So Different？ 205

Ⅴ The Trend of Cultures and Its Potential Impact 208

Unit 15 Advocacy of Jing vs.Dong 211

Ⅰ Introduction to Two Concepts 211

Ⅱ Jing Advocacy of China 213

Ⅲ Dong Advocacy of the West 221

Ⅳ Differences and Discomforts 225

Unit 16 Implicitness vs.Explicitness 229

Ⅰ “Half a Story” 229

Ⅱ Implicitness and Explicitness of Language 231

Ⅲ Implicit Chinese 234

Ⅳ Explicit Westerners 241

Ⅴ High Context vs.Low Context 244

Ⅵ “Chicken and Duck Talk” 247

Part Ⅴ Different Cultural Standards 253

Unit 17 Peace vs.Conflict 253

Ⅰ Great Names and Different Cultural Standards 253

Ⅱ External Factors and Cultural Standards 258

Ⅲ Cultural Standards and Their Unique Products 260

Ⅳ Better Ways to Know Each Other 265

Unit 18 Egalitarian and Inegalitarian Distribution 268

Ⅰ Hate-the-rich Mentality 268

Ⅱ Chinese-style Egalitarianism 269

Ⅲ Western-style Inegalitarianism 272

Ⅳ Egalitarianism and Inegalitarianism in China and the West 274

Unit 19 Good vs.Evil Human Nature 279

Ⅰ Key Concepts 280

Ⅱ Human Nature and Education 281

Ⅲ Theorization of Assumptions About Human Nature 283

Ⅳ Human Nature Theories and the Rule of Ethics vs.Law 288

Unit 20 Rule of Individuals vs.Rule of Law 290

Ⅰ An Unexpected Complaint 290

Ⅱ Rule of Individuals in Traditional Chinese Thought 291

Ⅲ Rule of Law in Western Thought 296

Ⅳ Rule of Law in China 300

Bibliography 305