第二语言学习与教学PDF电子书下载

1.Second language learning and language teaching 1

1 The scope of this book 1

2 What a teacher can expect from L2 learning research 3

3 The independence of L2 learning research 6

2.Learning different types of grammar 14

1 What is grammar? 15

2 Grammatical morphemes 19

3 The multidimensional model 22

4 Language universals;relative clauses 27

5 Principles and parameters grammar 30

6 L2 learning of grammar and L2 teaching 33

3.Learning the components of language 39

1 Acquisition of pronunciation 40

2 Acquisition of vocabulary 48

3 Acquisition of conversational discourse 58

4.Processes in using second languages 64

1 Short-term memory processes 65

2 Reading and longer-term memory processes 71

3 Processes in listening 76

4 Codeswitching by second language users 83

5 Communication strategies 87

5.Learners as individuals 95

1 Motivation:what sort of motivation is good for L2 learning? 96

2 Aptitude:are some people better at learning a second language than others? 100

3 Learning strategies:how do learners vary in their approaches to L2 learning? 103

4 Age:are young L2 learners better than old learners? 108

5 Are other personality traits important to L2 learning? 114

6.Language and input in the L2 classroom 118

1 L2 learning inside the classroom 119

2 Language in the communicative classroom 125

3 Language input and language training 127

7.Multilingual societies and the goals of language teaching 134

1 The different roles of second languages in societies 135

2 The goals of language teaching 141

8.General models of L2 learning 152

1 Models of knowledge:Universal Grammar 153

2 Processing models:the competition model and the information processing model 159

3 Multicomponent models:the competence/control model and the input hypothesis 163

4 Social models:the socio-educational model and the acculturation model 167

9.Second language learning and language teaching styles 173

1 The academic style 176

2 The audiolingual style 179

3 The social communicative style 184

4 The information communicative style 190

5 The mainstream EFL style 195

6 Other styles 198

Afterword:the proper uses of second language acquisition research in language teaching 204

EFL course books mentioned in text 209

References 211

Index 225

文库索引 229