应用语言学研究方法与论文写作PDF电子书下载

Preface 3

Part I Introduction 3

1. What is Research? 3

Definition of research 4

Visualizing a research process 8

Classifications of research 12

Summary 20

Discussion questions 21

2. Fundamental concepts 22

Hypotheses, theory and model 22

Population and sample 28

Variables 29

Levels of measurement 38

Operationalization 43

Summary 48

Discussion questions 49

Part Ⅱ Researching 51

3.Developing research questions 53

Procedures 53

Problems in question formation 62

Summary 69

Discussion questions 69

4. Reading the literature 72

Sources of literature 72

Procedures of literature review 76

Deciding the scope 81

Summarizing the information 84

Summary 87

Discussion questions 87

5. Selecting research designs 89

Quantitative and qualitative 89

Links between question and design 97

A mono-design or a mixed design 99

Complexities in classifying designs 106

Summary 109

Discussion questions 110

6. A survey study 111

A brief description 111

Instrument designing: questionnaire 112

Scaling techniques 129

Selecting subjects 133

Administering the questionnaire 141

Summary 143

Discussion questions 144

7. An experimental study 145

What is an experimental study? 145

Causality 148

Validity in experimentation 150

Types of experimental study 161

Procedures for an experimental study 168

Summary 174

Discussion questions 176

What is a case study? 177

8. A case study 177

Selecting the subjects 179

Collecting data 182

Summary 205

Discussion questions 206

9. Basic statistics 208

A brief description of statistics 208

Descriptive statistics 210

Inferential statistics 220

Summary 226

Discussion questions 226

Overview of SPSS for windows 228

10. The analysis of quantitative data 228

Questionnaire data analysis 230

Analyzing data from an experiment 258

Summary 261

Discussion questions 262

11. The analysis of qualitative data 264

Choices in analyzing qualitative data 264

Data preparation 267

Qualitative analysis 273

Validity and reliability 287

Summary 287

Discussion questions 288

Part Ⅲ Thesis Writing 289

12. An overview of thesis writing 291

Definitions 291

The structure of a thesis 292

Summary 302

Discussion questions 303

13.Writing up a thesis/dissertation 304

Writing an introduction 304

Writing a literature review 305

Describing methodology 317

Reporting results and discussion 324

Writing the conclusion chapter 332

Summary 337

Discussion questions 338

14.Writing style 340

Academic writing style 340

APA writing format 342

Summary 358

Discussion questions 358

References 359

Appendixes 367

Appendix one: A Survey Study 367

Appendix two: An Experimental Study 386

Appendix three: A Case Study 397

Appendix four: Questionnaire Description 417

Appendix five: Random Numbers 422