国际政治经济学 寻求权力与财富的斗争PDF电子书下载

1 INTRODUCTION:THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 1

Domestic Political Economy 3

International Political Economy 6

Approaches to International Political Economy 11

Notes 15

2 THE ECONOMICS OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY 17

Free Trade 18

The Balance of Payments 23

Monetary and Fiscal Policy 27

Monetary Policy 28

Fiscal Policy 30

Exchange Rates and Trade Deficits 30

How Exchange Rates Affect Trade 33

Exchange Rates,Trade,and Macroeconomic Policy 35

Conclusions 38

Notes 39

Annotated Bibliography 42

3 THE ORIGINS OF A WORLD ECONOMY 43

Industrialization and International Trade 44

British Industrialization 44

The Turn to Freer Trade 46

Repeal of the Corn Laws 46

The Expansion of the World Economy 47

The Perils of Interdependence:1873-1914 48

Transformation of the World Economy 48

British Hegemony? 52

Japan and Late Economic Development 55

The World Economy on the Eve of World War Ⅰ 57

World War I and Its Aftermath 58

The Economic Consequences of World War Ⅰ 59

A Failure of Political Vision 60

Collapse of the World Economy 61

Autarchy and Cooperation 62

Conclusions 63

Notes 64

Annotated Bibliography 69

4 THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AMERICAN HEGEMONY,1938-1973 71

Structures and Trends in the Postwar World Economy 72

Growth of the World Economy 72

International Institutions 74

U.S.Hegemony and the World Economy 76

Economic Consequences of World War Ⅱ 77

The United States and World Order 78

U.S.Purposes? 80

Power and Outcomes 81

The Consequences of U.S.Hegemony 82

The Heyday of U.S.Hegemony:1958-1970 82

The European Economic Community 83

Military Keynesianism and Foreign Aid 84

Dollar Glut 84

Political Economy and Hegemony 85

The Emergence of Multinational Corporations 86

Money and Oil,1971-1973 89

The End of Bretton Woods 90

Conclusions 95

Notes 96

Annotated Bibliography 100

5 GLOBALIZATION AND THE WORLD ECONOMY 102

The Globalization of Finance 103

Indicators of Financial Globalization 108

Explaining the Globalization of Finance 112

The Consequences of Financial Globalization 114

The Globalization of Production 116

Trade Globalization 116

Foreign Direct Investment 122

Sources of the Globalization of Production 124

Consequences of the Globalization of Production 126

Evaluating Globalization 130

Conclusions 137

Notes 139

Annotated Bibliography 145

6 COOPERATION AMONG ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL STATES 147

Theories of Cooperation 148

Why Nations Cooperate 149

Case Ⅰ：Macroeconomic Policy Cooperation 152

Case Ⅱ：Managing Exchange Rates 155

Managing Exchange Rates:1985-1987 157

Conclusions 159

Case Ⅲ：The Uruguay Round and the World Trade Organization 161

Case Ⅳ：Economic Blocs 165

Globalization or Regionalization? 165

The European Union 166

Organization of the European Union 168

Economic and Monetary Union(EMU) 170

The Maastricht Agreement 171

Conclusions 178

A North American Trade Bloc? 179

An East Asian Trade Bloc? 182

Economic Blocs and the Future of the World Economy 184

Conclusions 185

Notes 186

Annotated Bibliography 190

7 COMPETITION AND CONFLICT AMONG ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL STATES 192

Strategies of Competitiveness 196

The Rise and Decline(?)of Japan 198

The Strategy of Growth 198

Explanations for Japanese Growth and Weakness 202

Future Prospects 210

The United States and Competitiveness 211

Macroeconomic Measures of Competitiveness 212

Competition in Chips 217

Silicon Valley 220

European Approaches to Competitiveness 222

Protectionism 226

Protectionism without Tariffs 226

Why Do Nations Choose Protection? 229

Conclusions 230

Notes 231

Annotated Bibliography 237

8 RICH AND POOR STATES IN THE WORLD ECONOMY 239

Indicators of Development 240

Measuring the Development Gap 245

Contending Perspectives on Development 248

Modernization Theory 249

Dependency Theory 252

Conclusions 259

Notes 260

Annotated Bibliography 263

9 STRATEGIES OF SOUTHERN TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT 265

National Strategies of Trade and Industrialization 265

Transitions to Export-Led Industrialization:Three Country Studies 274

China 275

India 279

Brazil 281

The Least Developed Countries 283

Collective Strategies of Development 285

Global and Regional Trade Agreements 295

The World Trade Organization 295

Regional Free Trade Agreements 297

Conclusions 301

Notes 303

Annotated Bibliography 310

10 FOREIGN AID AND THIRD WORLD DEVELOPMENT 313

The Rationale for Aid 316

Strategies of Foreign Assistance 316

The Effectiveness of Aid 321

Poverty and the Misallocation of Aid 321

The Ironies of Food Aid 323

Growth versus the Environment 326

The Overreliance on Outside Experts 328

The Costs of Tied Aid 329

The preference for Bigness 330

Receipient Country Corruption 331

Learning from Failure 332

The Future of Foreign Aid 335

Conclusions 336

Notes 338

Annotated Bibliography 345

11 MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE THIRD WORLD 347

Motives for Foreign Direct Investment in the Third World 349

The Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment to Third World Host Countries 350

Capital 350

Technology 351

Management Expertise 351

Marketing Networks 351

The Costs of Foreign Direct Investment to Third World Host Countries 532

A Bargaining Framework for Analyzing MNC-Host Country Relations 354

Regulating MNC Behavior 354

The Determinants of Relative Bargaining Power 356

Characteristics of the Host Country 357

Characteristics of the Investment 358

Changes in the International Economic Environment 359

Recent Trends in MNC-Host Country Relations 361

MNCS and NGOS 365

Conclusions 367

Notes 368

Annotated Bibliography 372

12 THIRD WORLD DEBT AND NORTH-SOUTH FINANCE 373

The Costs of Third World Debt 374

Actors 375

The Origins and Evolution of the Third World Debt Crisis 377

The Misplaced Optimism of the 1970s 378

The Bottom Falls Out:The Fickleness of the World Economy 380

Southern Mismanagement and Capital Flight 381

The World Holds Its Breath:The Mexican Crisis 382

The IMF Takes Charge 384

Inching toward the Inevitable:The Brady Plan 385

The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative 387

The Politics of Third World Debt 388

Why Not Repudiation? 388

Bargaining Power and the Debt:Southern Disunity and Northern Unity 389

North-South Finance in the 1990s:The Growth of Portfolio Investment 394

The Global Financial Crisis of 1997-1998 398

Reform of the International Financial System 407

Conclusions 410

Notes 411

Annotated Bibliography 418

13 HUNGER,POPULATION,AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 419

Population 420

The Aids Pandemic 425

Food and Hunger 426

Sustainable Development 434

Atmospheric Pollution and the Tragedy of the Commons 437

Ozone Depletion 438

Global Warming 440

Comparison of the Ozone and Climate Change Negotiations 443

Conclusions 444

Notes 445

Annotated Bibliography 449

14 CHARTING THE FUTURE:COOPERATION AND CONFLICT IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 450

Harbingers of Cooperation 452

The Fruits of Interdependence 452

International Institutions 453

Internationalist Interest Groups 454

The Neoliberal Convergence 454

The Sources of Conflict 455

National Autonomy and Relative Gains 455

The Changing Nature of U.S.Hegemony 456

Complexity and International Cooperation 457

The Anti-Globalization Movement 457

Conclusions 459

Glossary 461

Acronyms 470

Links to IPE Web Sites 472

Index 479