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Part One International Trade and EconomicsChapter 1 International Trade 3

1 Essential knowledge 3

Globalization 3

2 Readings 4

Ⅰ The forces of globalization 4

Ⅱ New world trade patterns 1970—2003 6

Ⅲ New trends in international trade 9

Ⅳ Balance of trade 10

Ⅴ Balance of payments 13

3 Specialized word list 14

The environment 14

4 Common economic terms 16

5 Case study 16

Let us ioin hands and work for a better world 16

Chapter 2 Types of Trade 18

1 Essential knowledge 18

Why trade matters 18

2 Readings 19

Ⅰ The value of imports 19

Ⅱ Visible and invisible trade 22

Ⅲ Trade in services 23

Ⅳ Technology transfer 25

Ⅴ Foreign exchange 26

Ⅵ Export leasing 27

Ⅶ E-commerce 29

Ⅷ Franchises 30

3 Specialized word list 33

Banking 33

4 Common economic terms 35

5 Case study 35

Adapting to local markets 35

Chapter 3 Barriers to Trade 38

1 Essential knowledge 38

Tariff barriers 38

2 Readings 39

Ⅰ Tariffs 39

Ⅱ Non-tariff barriers 40

Ⅲ Technical barriers to trade 41

Ⅳ Trade facilitation 43

Ⅴ Anti-dumping 45

Ⅵ Anti-subsidy 47

Ⅶ Government procurement 48

Ⅷ Quality inspection 48

3 Specialized word list 51

Contracts 51

4 Common economic terms 52

5 Case study 52

Potential obstacles to market access 52

Chapter 4 Internal Trade 55

1 Essential knowledge 55

Development of internal trade 55

2 Readings 56

Ⅰ Stages of economic growth 56

Ⅱ The effect of domestic demand on China's growth 59

Ⅲ Commodity markets 60

Ⅳ The development of commodity markets 63

Ⅴ China's futures trading in 2002 66

Ⅵ Small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) 70

Ⅶ Labor market 73

Ⅷ China:21st century workshop of the world 74

3 Specialized word list 75

Advertising 75

4 Common economic terms 77

5 Case study 77

SARS—a driver of social and economic change 77

Chapter 5 Investment 80

1 Essential knowledge 80

International investment 80

2 Readings 81

Ⅰ Foreign direct investment 81

Ⅱ International investment and WTO 84

Ⅲ The benefits of investment rules 87

Ⅳ Transnational corporations(TNC) 89

Ⅴ The contribution of TNCs 93

Ⅵ The impact of TNCs on trade patterns 94

Ⅶ The DOHA WTO Ministerial Conference on Investment 98

3 Specialized word list 100

World politics 100

4 Common economic terms 103

5 Case study 103

Global top ten transnationals 103

Chapter 6 International Economic Co-operation 106

1 Essential knowledge 106

The importance of international co-operation 106

2 Readings 108

Ⅰ Adapting to meet the challenges of globalization 108

Ⅱ What is Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 112

Ⅲ China's Europe Policy Paper 2003(Extracts) 115

Ⅳ A world of development experience 117

Ⅴ UNIDO solutions 120

Ⅵ Capacity building 125

3 Specialized word list 127

Journalism 127

4 Common economic terms 128

5 Case study 128

NGOs—Non-governmental organizations 128

Corporates and NGOs 130

Chapter 7 Intellectual property rights 134

1 Essential knowledge 134

The importance of protection 134

2 Readings 135

Ⅰ Patents,trademarks,copyright 135

Ⅱ Jeeps and champagne 138

Ⅲ A question of origin:What's in Champagne that ain't in Basmati 139

Ⅳ Patent exclusivity ensures growth of medicines 145

Ⅴ Fair use,digital technology and copyright 147

Ⅵ The abolition of intellectual property 148

3 Specialized word list 150

Intellectual Property 150

4 Common economic terms 154

5 Case study 154

The Basmati Conundrum 154

Part Two International Economic Co-operation 154

1 International Organizations in Brief 158

ADB Asian Development Bank 159

APEC Asia Pacific Economic C-operation 161

ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations 167

ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting 170

EU European Union 173

IMF International Monetary Fund 176

NAFTA North American Free Trade Association 181

OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 183

UNDP United Nations Development Programme 186

UNIDO United Nations Industry Development Organization 188

WB World Bank 190

WTO World Trade Organization 192

2 Speeches on Trade Issues 197

3 The Way Forward 206

4 Postscript 222

5 Essential Acronyms 224

6 Vocabulary 238

Glossary 258