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Lesson One Surveying 1

Lesson Two Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying 8

Lesson Three Types of Surveys 15

Lesson Four Map Projection and Maps 21

Lesson Five Accuracy and Precision,Errors and Mistakes 28

Lesson Six Systematic Errors 35

Lesson Seven Field Notes and Notebook 44

Lesson Eight Recording Data 52

Lesson Nine Computations and Checking 59

Lesson Ten Computational Aids 65

Lesson Eleven Electronic Distance Measurements 72

Lesson Twelve Basic EDM Theory 78

Lesson Thirteen Errors in Electronic Distance Measurement 85

Lesson Fourteen Leveling and Levels(1) 92

Lesson Fifteen Leveling and Levels(2) 100

Lesson Sixteen Ordinary Leveling(1) 107

Lesson Seventeen Ordinary Leveling(2) 115

Lesson Eighteen Profile Leveling 122

Lesson Nineteen Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors(1) 130

Lesson Twenty Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors(2) 136

Lesson Twenty-one Care of Equipment 142

Lesson Twenty-two Transits and Theodolites 148

Lesson Twenty-three Traversing 153

Lesson Twenty-four Control Surveys 163

Lesson Twenty-five Triangulation(1) 169

Lesson Twenty-six Triangulation(2) 176

Lesson Twenty-seven Trilateration 183

Lesson Twenty-eight Topographic Surveying 188

Lesson Twenty-nine Contours 194

Lesson Thirty Photogrammetry 203

Lesson Thirty-one Aerial Photographs 209

Lesson Thirty-two Photogrammetric Control Surveys 218

Lesson Thirty-three Mosasics and Orthophotos 228

Lesson Thirty-four Photogrammetric Stereoplotters 231

Lesson Thirty-five Orientation and Map Compilation 239

Lesson Thirty-six Close Range Photogrammetry and its Origins 245

Lesson Thirty-seven Instrumentation for Close Range Photogrammetry 252

Lesson Thirty-eight Remote Sensing(1) 259

Lesson Thirty-nine Remote Sensing(2) 268

Lesson Forty Remote Sensing(3) 274

Lesson Forty-one Construction Surveying 282

Lesson Forty-two Preliminary Surveys and staking 287

Lesson Forty-three Building Layout 297

Lesson Forty-four Bridge Surveys and Pipe Laying 305

Lesson Forty-five Route Surveys 313

Lesson Forty-six Grade and Alignment by Laser-equipped Instruments 321

Lesson Forty-seven Dams 327

Lesson Forty-eight Gyro-theodolite(1) 332

Lesson Forty-nine Gyro-theodolite(2) 340

Lesson Fifty Applications of Geodesy 349

Lesson Fifty-one The Celestial Sphere 356

Lesson Fifty-two Azimuth and Latitude Determination 364

Lesson Fifty-three Satellite Geodesy 372

Lesson Fifty-four Inertial Survey System 377

Lesson Fifty-five Global Geodesy 384

Lesson Fifty-six Adjustment Computation by Least Squares(1) 390

Lesson Fifty-seven Adjustment Computation by Least Squares(2) 395

Lesson Fifty-eight The Spheroidal Earth 402

Lesson Fifty-nine The Art and Science of Cartography 410

Lesson Sixty The Scope and Nature of Cartography 417

Lesson Sixty-one Topographical Map Projection(1) 428

Lesson Sixty-two Topographical Map Projection(2) 438

Lesson Sixty-three Map Grid 445

Lesson Sixty-four Relief(1) 453

Lesson Sixty-five Relief(2) 461

Lesson Sixty-six In the Cartographic Drawing Office(1) 468

Lesson Sixty-seven In the Cartographic Drawing Office(2) 477

Lesson Sixty-eight In the Cartographic Drawing Office(3) 486

Lesson Sixty-nine Something about Map Reproduction 494

Lesson Seventy Computers and Cartography 508

Appendix Ⅰ Vocabulary 518

Appendix Ⅱ Key to the Exercises 603