数控技术应用专业英语PDF电子书下载

Unit 1 Introduction of CNC Machine Tool 1

1.1 Machining Center Configurations 1

1.2 Vertical Machining Centers 2

1.3 Horizontal Machining Centers 5

1.4 Other Programmable Features of Machining Centers 8

1.4.1 Spindle Speed 8

1.4.2 Spindle Activation and Direction 8

1.4.3 Spindle Range 8

1.4.4 Feedrate 8

1.4.5 Coolant 9

1.4.6 Tool Changes 9

1.4.7 What Else Might Be Programmable 9

Exercises 10

Unit 2 Tooling for CNC Machine 12

2.1 Introduction 12

2.2 Material for Cutting Tools 13

2.3 The Practical Application of Cemented Carbides 15

2.3.1 Solid Tools 15

2.3.2 Brazed Tips 15

2.3.3 Indexable Inserts 16

2.4 Tooling Systems 19

2.5 Automatic Tool Changer System 22

2.5.1 Turret Head 22

2.5.2 Carousel Storage with Spindle Direct Tool Changer 23

2.5.3 Horizontal Storage Matrix Magazine with Pivot Insertion Tool Changer 24

Exercises 26

Unit 3 Program Zero and Coordinate System 27

3.1 What is Coordinate System 27

3.2 Plus and Minus 30

3.3 Program Zero 31

3.4 Absolute vs.Incremental 33

Exercises 35

Unit 4 Mathematics for NC Programming 36

4.1 Introduction 36

4.2 Geometry 37

4.2.1 Properties of Intersecting Lines 37

4.2.2　Tangency 38

4.3 Trigonometry 40

4.3.1 The Pythagorean Theorem 40

4.3.2 Right Triangle Trigonometry 41

4.3.3 Oblique Triangle Trigonometry 44

Exercises 48

Unit 5 Word Address Programming 50

5.1 Introduction 50

5.2 Programming Language Format 50

5.3 Programming Language Terminology 52

5.4 Program and Sequence Numbers(O,N Codes) 53

5.5 Preparatory Functions(G Codes) 55

5.6 Dimension Words(X,Y,Z,…Codes) 56

5.7 Feedrate(F Codes) 57

5.8 Spindle Speed(S Codes) 57

5.9 Miscellaneous Machine Functions(M Codes) 58

5.10 Why Learn Manual Programming 59

Exercises 62

Unit 6 Speeds and Feeds 63

6.1 Cutting Speeds and Feeds 63

6.2 Spindle Speeds 65

6.3 Feed Rates 67

6.3.1 Feed Rates for Turning 68

6.3.2 Feed Rates for Milling 69

6.3.3 Feed Rates for Drilling 70

6.4 Feed Rate and Spindle Speed Override 71

Exercises 72

Unit 7 Preparation for Programming 73

7.1 The Importance of Preparation 73

7.2 Typical Mistakes 74

7.2.1 Syntax Mistakes 75

7.2.2 Motion Mistakes 75

7.2.3 Mistakes of Omission 76

7.2.4 Process Mistakes 76

7.3 Steps for Preparing to Write a CNC Program 77

7.3.1 Study and Mark Up the Print 77

7.3.2 Prepare the Machining Process 77

7.3.3 Develop the Needed Cutting Conditions 81

7.3.4 Do the Required Math 81

7.3.5 Check the Required Tooling 83

7.4 Plan the Work Holding Setup 84

7.5 Other Documentation 85

7.5.1 Setup Sheet 85

7.5.2 Program Listing 86

7.6 Is It All Worth It 86

Exercises 87

Unit 8 Programming Techniques 88

8.1 Introduction 88

8.2 Programming Hole Operation 88

8.3 Programming Linear Profiles 90

8.4 Programming Circular Profiles 91

8.4.1 Circular Interpolation Commands 91

8.4.2 Circular Interpolation Via Direct Radius Specification 92

8.4.3 Profiling Arcs at Constant Feed Rate 94

8.5 Programming with Subprogram 96

8.5.1 Subprogram Concept 96

8.5.2 Commands for Calling a Subprogram and Returning to the Main Program 97

8.5.3 General Rules for Subprogramming 98

Exercises 99

Unit 9 Three Kinds of Compensation 100

9.1 Introduction 100

9.2 What is Compensation 101

9.3 Understanding Offsets 103

9.3.1 How Many Offsets do You Have 104

9.3.2 Offsets and Trial Machining 104

9.3.3 Organization of Offsets 105

9.3.4 Wear Offsets Versus Geometry Offsets 106

9.3.5 How Offsets are Instated 106

9.4 Tool Length Compensation 108

9.4.1 The Reason for Tool Length Compensation 108

9.4.2 How Tool Length Compensation is Used 110

9.5 Cutter Radius Compensation 111

9.5.1 Reasons for Using Cutter Radius Compensation 112

9.5.2 How does Cutter Radius Compensation Work 116

9.6 Fixture Offsets 117

Exercises 118

Unit 10 Machine Design 120

10.1 Repeatability 120

10.2 Basic Structure 122

10.3 Machine Spindles 123

10.4 Spindle Drives 126

10.5 Machine Slides 128

10.6 Slide Drives 130

Exercises 133

Unit 11 Setup and Maintain 135

11.1 Tasks Related to Setup and Operation 135

11.1.1 Setup Tasks Versus Production Maintaining Tasks 136

11.1.2 Tasks Related to Setup 137

11.2 Tasks Related to Maintaining Production 143

11.2.1 Workpiece Unload and Load 144

11.2.2 Maintaining Critical Dimensions(with Close Tolerances)during Each Tool's Life 145

11.2.3 Replacing Worn Tools 147

11.3 Other Possible Tasks to be Done During the Production Run 149

Exercises 150

Unit 12 Three Modes of Operation 151

12.1 The Manual Mode 152

12.2 The Manual Data Input Mode 153

12.2.1 The Manual Data Input Position of the Mode Switch 154

12.2.2 The Edit Position of the Mode Switch 155

12.3 The Program Operation Mode 157

12.3.1 The Memory(or Auto)Mode Switch Position 159

12.3.2 The Tape Mode Switch Position 160

Exercises 162

Unit 13 Program Verification Techniques 163

13.1 Introduction 163

13.2 Safety Priorities 165

13.2.1 Operator Safety 165

13.2.2 Machine Tool Safety 166

13.2.3 Workpiece Safety 167

13.3 Typical Mistakes 168

13.3.1 Syntax Mistakes in the Program 169

13.3.2 Motion Mistakes in the Program 170

13.3.3 Setup Mistakes 170

13.3.4 Mistakes of Omission 171

13.4 Procedures to Program Verification 172

13.4.1 The Machine Lock Dry Run 172

13.4.2 Free Flowing Dry Run 173

13.4.3 Normal Air Cutting Cycle Execution 175

13.4.4 Running the First Workpiece 176

13.4.5 Making Good Parts 177

13.5 Conclusion to Program Verification 178

Exercises 179

Unit 14 CAD/CAM 180

14.1 Introduction 180

14.2 Computer-Aided Anything(CAA) 181

14.3 What is CAD/CAM Software 182

14.4 Description of CAD/CAM Components and Functions 184

14.4.1 CAD Module 184

14.4.2 CAM Module 187

14.4.3 Geometry vs.Toolpath 189

14.4.4 Tool and Material Libraries 191

14.4.5 Verification and Post-Processor 192

14.4.6 Portability 193

14.5 Software Issues and Trends 195

Exercises 198

Appendix A G＆M Code Reference 199

Appendix B The Sample of CNC Machine Specification 203

Appendix C Vocabulary 208

References 232