英语学习背景知识 英国、澳大利亚PDF电子书下载

Part One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 3

1．The People and the Land 3

2．The Weather 10

3．How the British Behave 13

(1)The Pop Revolution 13

(2)Pop 14

(3)The Permissive Society 17

(4)The Generation Gap 19

(5)British Reserve 21

4．Monarchy and Government 23

(1)The Monarchy 23

(2)The United Kingdom Parliament 25

(3)The House of Lords 26

(4)The House of Commons 28

(5)The British Constitution and Making a New Law 31

5．Politics and Press 34

(1)The Two Main Parties 34

(2)Other Parties 40

(3)The Press 42

6．Policemen and Justice 47

(1)The Police Make an Arrest 47

(2)Magistrates'Courts 50

(3)Trial by Jury 52

7．The Commonwealth of Nations 54

(1)The Commonwealth of Nations 54

(2)The Queen's Role in the Commonwealth 55

(3)The History of the Commonwealth 56

8．Irish Nationalism 64

9．British Religion 69

10．Social Welfare 73

(1)Insurance Contributions and Direct Taxation 73

(2)Benefits 76

(3)Some Opinions about Welfare State 78

11．Schools 80

12．Universities and Colleges 84

(1)Universities and Colleges 84

(2)Other Colleges for Further Education 85

(3)The Open University 88

13．Popular Modern Fiction 90

14．William Shakespeare 95

(1)Early Years in Stratford 95

(2)London Actor,Playwright,and Poet 96

(3)The Chamberlain's Men and the Globe 98

(4)The King's Men 101

(5)Last Years 102

15．London 105

(1)A Walk through London:Westminster 108

(2)From the City Centre to the Tower of London 112

(3)Conclusion 115

16．History 117

(1)The Middle Ages 117

(2)The Sixteenth Century 120

(3)The Seventeenth Century 123

(4)The Eighteenth Century 125

(5)The Nineteenth Century 127

(6)The Twentieth Century 133

Part Two Australia 143

1．Location and Size 143

(1)Australia:The Continent 143

(2)Australia:The Commonwealth 144

2．The Land and Climate 146

(1)Eastern Highlands 146

(2)Central Lowland 147

(3)Western Plateau 148

(4)Climate 149

3．The People 151

(1)City Life 152

(2)Country Life 153

(3)The Outback 155

(4)New Australians 156

(5)Aboriginals 157

4．Education and Language 159

(1)Education 159

(2)Language 160

5．Social Welfare 161

6．Political System 163

7．Resources and Industries 168

(1)Farming 171

(2)Mining 173

(3)Transportation 173

(4)Communications 174

(5)Trade 174

8．Cultural Growth 175

9．History 178

(1)Discovery and Exploration 178

(2)Early Settlement 179

(3)Nationhood 182

(4)Modern History 183

Part Three Appendix 187

1．Member Countries of the Commonwealth 187

2．Some Universities in Britain 190

3．Some Universities in Australia 201