COMPARATIVE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS A TOPICAL APPROACH SIXTH EDITIONPDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 1

Learning Objectives 1

Countries in Focus 1

Why Study the Legal System of Other Countries？ 3

Provincial Benefits of an International Perspective 3

Universal Benefits of an International Perspective 5

Approaches to an International Perspective 11

Historical Approach 12

Political Approach 13

Descriptive Approach 14

Strategies Under the Descriptive Approach 15

The Functions/Procedures Strategy 15

The Institutions/Actors Strategy 17

Comparison Through Classification 17

The Need for Classification 17

Classification Strategies 18

The Role of Classification in this Book 19

The Structure of this Book 20

Summary 21

Discussion Questions 22

Notes 22

Chapter 2 DOMESTIC CRIME， TRANSNATIONAL CRIME，AND JUSTICE 24

Learning Objectives 24

Countries in Focus 24

Comparative Criminology and Criminal Justice 25

Comparative Criminology Looks at Crime as a Social Phenomenon 25

Comparative Criminology Looks at Crime as Social Behavior 32

Transnational Crime 33

Transnational Crime Types 34

Response to Transnational Crime 45

National Efforts： The United States of America 45

International Efforts 48

Summary 51

Discussion Questions 51

Notes 51

Chapter 3 AN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE ON CRIMINAL LAW 55

Learning Objectives 55

Countries in Focus 55

Essential Ingredients of Justice Systems 56

Substantive Criminal Law 57

Procedural Criminal Law 64

Liberty， Safety， and Fighting Terrorism 70

The USA PATRIOT Act—Substantive and Procedural Law Issues 70

Is America’s Reaction That Different？ 72

Summary 75

Discussion Questions 76

Notes 76

Chapter 4 LEGAL TRADITIONS 79

Learning Objectives 79

Countries in Focus 79

Legal Systems and Legal Traditions 80

Today’s Four Legal Traditions 82

Common Legal Tradition 84

Civil Legal Tradition 88

Islamic （Religious/Philosophical） Legal Tradition 91

Eastern Asia （Hybrid） Legal Tradition 98

Comparison of the Legal Traditions 101

Cultural Component 102

Substantive Component 106

Procedural Component 107

Summary 111

Discussion Questions 111

Notes 111

Chapter 5 SUBSTANTIVE LAW AND PROCEDURAL LAW IN THE FOUR LEGAL TRADITIONS 114

Learning Objectives 114

Countries in Focus 114

Substantive Criminal Law 115

General Characteristics and Major Principles 115

Substantive Law in the Common Legal Tradition 118

Substantive Law in the Civil Legal Tradition 120

Substantive Law in the Islamic Legal Tradition 122

Substantive Law in the Eastern Asia Legal Tradition 125

Procedural Criminal Law 127

Adjudicatory Processes 129

Judicial Review 139

Summary 145

Discussion Questions 146

Notes 146

Chapter 6 AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON POLICING 150

Learning Objectives 150

Countries in Focus 150

Classification Of Police Structures 151

Centralized Single Systems： Ghana 153

Decentralized Single Systems： Japan 155

Centralized Multiple Coordinated Systems： France 159

Decentralized Multiple Coordinated Systems： Germany 164

Centralized Multiple Uncoordinated Systems： Spain 167

Decentralized Multiple Uncoordinated Systems： Mexico 169

Policing Issues： Police Misconduct 174

Policing Issues： Global Cooperation 175

International Criminal Police Organization （ICPO）—Interpol 175

Europol 177

Examples of Harmonization and Approximationin the European Union 178

Summary 180

Discussion Questions 180

Notes 181

Chapter 7 AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON COURTS 184

Learning Objectives 184

Countries in Focus 184

Professional Actors in the Judiciary 186

Variation in Legal Training 186

Variation in Prosecution 188

Variation in Defense 192

The Adjudicators 195

Presumption of Innocence 197

Professional Judges 197

Lay Judges and Jurors 199

Examples along the Adjudication Continuum 201

Variation in Court Organization 207

France 208

England and Wales 212

Nigeria 215

China 217

Saudi Arabia 220

Summary 222

Discussion Questions 222

Notes 223

Chapter 8 AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON CORRECTIONS 227

Learning Objectives 227

Countries in Focus 227

Comparative Penology 228

Typologies for Comparative Penology 228

Punishment 231

Justifications for Punishment 231

International Standards for Corrections 232

Financial Penalties 233

Fines 233

Compensation to Victims and Community 235

Corporal and Capital Punishment 237

International Standards 237

Corporal Punishment 238

Capital Punishment 239

Noncustodial Sanctions 246

International Standards 246

Community Corrections 246

Probation 247

Custodial Sanctions 250

International Standards 250

Prison Populations 251

Prison Systems 253

Women in Prison 258

Minorities in Prison 261

Summary 263

Discussion Questions 263

Notes 263

Chapter 9 AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON JUVENILE JUSTICE 269

Learning Objectives 269

Countries in Focus 269

Delinquency as a Worldwide Problem 270

Setting International Standards 272

Determining who are Juveniles 273

Determining the Process 275

Models of Juvenile Justice 275

The Welfare Model of New Zealand 276

Italy： More Welfare than Justice Model 279

China： More Justice than Welfare Model 281

The Justice Model of England and Wales 284

Summary 289

Discussion Questions 290

Notes 290

Chapter 10 JAPAN： EXAMPLES OF EFFECTIVENESS AND BORROWING 293

Learning Objectives 293

Countries in Focus 293

WhyStudyJapan？ 294

Japan’s Effective Criminal Justice System 294

Borrowing in a Cross-Cultural Context 295

Japanese Cultural Patterns 297

Homogeneity 297

Contextualism and Harmony 298

Collectivism 299

Hierarchies and Order 299

Criminal Law 301

Law by Bureaucratic Informalism 301

Policing 302

Why Are the Japanese Police Effective？ 303

Judiciary 306

Pretrial Activities 308

Court Structure and Trial Options 314

Judgments 318

Corrections 318

Community Corrections 319

Prison Sentences 320

Coming Full Circle 321

What Might Work 321

Summary 323

Discussion Questions 324

Notes 324

Appendix A World Maps 327

Appendix B Helpful Web Sites 335

Index 336