INTRODUCTION TO RECREATION AND LEISUREPDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ Foundations of Recreation and Leisure 1

Chapter 1 Power，Promise，Potential，and Possibilities of Parks，Recreation，and Leisure&Ellen O’Sullivan 3

What If？ 4

Welcome to the World of Parks，Recreation，and Leisure 4

Definitions of Play，Recreation，Leisure，and Flow 4

Parks，Recreation，and Leisure：Everywhere，Everyone，All the Time 5

Values and Benefits of Parks，Recreation，and Leisure 10

Recreation and Leisure：The Less Desirable Side 14

Trends in Parks，Recreation，and Leisure Alternatives 15

Parks and Recreation：A Passion，a Pursuit，a Profession 17

Moving On 20

Chapter 2 History of RecreationM.Rebecca Genoe，Douglas Kennedy，and Jerome F.Singleton 21

Introduction 22

Tracing the Roots of Leisure in Canada and the United States 22

Development of Recreation in the United States and Canada 26

Similarities Between Canada and the United States 37

Summary 37

Chapter 3 Philosophy and LeisureDonald J.McLean 39

Introduction 40

Why Does Philosophy Matter？ 40

Metaphysics and Leisure 41

Epistemology and Leisure 45

Logic and Leisure 47

Aesthetics and Leisure 47

Ethics and Leisure 49

Plato’s Philosophy of Leisure 49

Aristotle’s Philosophy of Leisure 50

Contemporary Philosophy of Leisure 51

Solving Ethical Dilemmas in Leisure Services 56

Summary 59

Chapter 4 Leisure and Recreation for Individuals in Society&Daniel G.Yoder and Juan Tortosa Martinez 61

Introduction 62

Leisure as a Complex Social Phenomenon 62

Similarity and Diversity in Recreation and Leisure 66

Leisure，Recreation，and Gender 67

Leisure，Ethnicity，and Race 69

Leisure，Recreation，and Religion 70

Leisure，Recreation，and Socioeconomic Class 71

Benefits and Constraints in Leisure 72

Good and Bad Leisure and Recreation 74

Implications for Professionals 76

Summary 76

Part Ⅱ Leisure and Recreation as a Multifaceted Delivery System 77

Chapter 5 Leisure Service Delivery Systems&David N.Emanuelson 79

Introduction 80

Private Sector 81

Nonprofit Sector 84

Public Sector 87

Professional Preparation for Leisure Service Delivery 89

Professional Accreditation 92

Summary 92

Chapter 6 Parks and Protected Areas in Canada and the United States&Paul F.J.Eagles and Jeffrey C.Hallo 93

Introduction 94

History of Parks in Canada 94

Park Systems of Canada 100

History of Parks in the United States 104

Park Systems of the United States 110

International Treaties and Protected Area Designations and Parks 117

Comparing Canada and the United States 118

Career Opportunities 120

Challenges and Trends for the 21st Century 122

Summary 125

Chapter 7 Public Recreation&Tod Stanton，Susan Markham-Starr，and Jane Hodgkinson 127

Public Parks and Recreation in the United States and Canada 128

Historical Overview of Public Recreation in the United States 129

Historical Overview of Public Recreation in Canada 129

Delivery Systems in Public Recreation 131

Partnerships：Connections to the Community 135

Faces of Public Recreation 136

Chameleon Profession：Ever Changing Societal Issues and Needs 140

Political Realities：No Pain，No Gain 146

Benefits of Recreation 147

Summary 147

Special Recreation 148

Special Recreation History 148

Accessibility and Universal Design in Special Recreation Services 149

Special Recreation and Accessibility 149

Accessibility and Inclusion 151

Special Recreation Associations 151

Special Recreation Continuum of Services 152

Specialized Recreation Programs 153

Future of Special Recreation Associations 157

Summary 157

Chapter 8 Nonprofit Sector&Robert F.Ashcraft 159

Introduction 160

Nonprofit Sector in the United States and Canada 161

Types of National and Community-Based Nonprofit Recreation Organizations 168

The Professional in Nonprofit Organizations 176

Challenges and Opportunities for the Future 177

Summary 178

Chapter 9 For-Profit Sector：Recreation，Event，and Tourism Enterprises&Robert E.Pfister and Patrick T.Tiemey 179

Introduction 180

Three Common Attributes 181

RETIndustry Model 184

Considering an RET Career 186

Trends and Challenges 191

Summary 195

Chapter 10 Therapeutic Recreation&Frances Stavola Daly and Robin Kunstler 197

Introduction 198

What Is Therapeutic Recreation？ 199

History of Therapeutic Recreation 200

Therapeutic Recreation Practice Models 205

Settings for Therapeutic Recreation Services 208

Therapeutic Recreation Specialist 211

Summary 216

Chapter 11 Unique Groups&Julia Wallace Carr，Brenda Robertson，Rebecca Lesnik，John Byl，Jeffrey Ferguson，Carol J.Potter，and Laurie Ogilvie 217

Campus Recreation 218

History of Campus Recreation 219

Benefits of a Campus Recreation Program 220

Trends in Campus Recreation 221

Career Opportunities 221

Summary 223

Correctional Recreation 225

Introduction to the Correctional System 225

Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Correctional Recreation 226

Recreation Programming 227

Correctional Recreation Professional 229

Trends and Issues 230

Summary 230

Faith-Based Recreation 231

Differences Within Faith Traditions 231

Differences Among Faith Traditions 231

Employment in Faith-Based Recreation 235

Summary 235

Worksite Recreation and Health Promotion 235

History of Worksite Recreation and Health Promotion 235

Benefits，Programs，and Services 236

Worksite Recreation and Health Promotion Trends 237

Career Preparation 237

Summary 241

Recreation in the Armed Forces 242

History 242

Military Versus Civilian Recreation 243

United States Armed Forces 243

Canadian Armed Forces 246

Military Recreation Program Areas 248

Employment Opportunities 249

Summary 249

Chapter 12 Leisure and Recreation Across the Life Span&Lynn A.Barnett and Joel A.Blanco 251

Introduction 252

Infancy：From Baby to Toddler 252

Early Childhood：Preschool Years 255

Middle and Late Childhood：Elementary School Years 258

Adolescence：Teenage Years 261

Emerging and Early Adulthood：20s and 30s 264

Middle Adulthood：40s and 50s 266

Late Adulthood：Senior Years 270

Summary 274

Part Ⅲ Delivering Recreation and Leisure Services 275

Chapter 13 Program Delivery System&Diane C.Blankenship 277

Introduction 278

Program Delivery History 278

Mission and Outcomes 279

Leadership Within the Program Delivery System 281

Program Classification 285

Program Formats 286

Summary 288

Chapter 14 Recreational Sport Management&Craig M.Ross and H.Joey Gray 289

Introduction 290

Examining Sport Management From a Recreational Perspective 290

Defining Recreational Sport 292

Five Programming Areas of Recreational Sport Management 292

Scope of Participation in Recreational Sport 294

Trends in Recreational Sport Management 298

International Participation in Recreational Sport 301

Career Opportunities 301

Summary 304

Chapter 15 Health，Wellness，and Quality of Life&Terrance Robertson，Matthew Symonds，Michael Muehlenbein，and Clifford Robertson 305

Introduction 306

Personal Health 306

The Wellness Perspective 310

Quality of Life，Health，and Healthy Communities 314

Career Opportunities 319

Summary 320

Chapter 16 Outdoor and Adventure Recreation&Alan Ewert and Franklin Vernon 321

Introduction 322

Concepts Related to Outdoor and Adventure Recreation 323

Concepts Related to Outdoor Adventure Education 324

History of Outdoor and Adventure Recreation in Canada and the United States 324

Settings，Delivery Systems，and Participants in Recreation 327

Professional Careers in Outdoor and Adventure Recreation 330

Benefits and Outcomes of Outdoor Recreation and Adventure 332

Outdoor Adventure Education Programming and Professional Careers 335

Emerging Trends and Issues 337

Summary 339

Chapter 17 Arts and Culture&Gaylene Carpenter 341

Introduction 342

Arts and Culture as Part of Recreation and Leisure 344

Meanings of Arts and Culture：Organizations and Participants 345

Benefits of Arts and Cultural Recreation Opportunities 346

Evolution of Arts and Cultural Programming 350

Types of Arts and Cultural Organizations 355

Contemporary Practices in Arts and Culture 355

Summary 364

Chapter 18 The Nature of Recreation and Leisure as a Profession&Denise M.Anderson 365

Introduction 366

Value of the Profession and Benefits to the Professional 366

Characteristics of the Recreation and Leisure Services Profession 366

Nature of the Profession 369

Career Planning 373

Career Positioning：A Nine-Step Process 375

Changes in the Field：Taste the Excitement 379

Summary 383

Chapter 19 International Perspectives on Recreation and Leisure&Holly Donohoe，Arianne C.Reis，Alcyane Marinho，Jinyang Deng，and Huimei Liu 385

International Overview 386

Leisure and the Internet 387

Leisure Development and Advocacy 388

Leisure and Youth Leadership 389

Recreation and Leisure in Brazil 392

Overview 392

Historical Development of Recreation and Leisure in Brazil 393

Types of Programs，Services，and Populations 395

Demand and Future Growth 397

Trends and Issues 398

Summary 398

Recreation and Leisure in China 399

Overview 399

A Brief History of China’s Leisure Development 401

Recreation Opportunities in China 401

Challenges and Trends for the Future 404

Summary 406

Bibliography 407

Index 425

About the Contributors 433