THE CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA UNDER THE ROTTERDAM RULESPDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1.THE EMERGENCE AND APPLICATION OF THE ROTTERDAM RULES&Professor D Rhidian Thomas 1

Formative history 1

Contracts to which the Rules apply 4

Contracts for the international carriage of goods wholly or partly by sea 4

Contract of carriage 5

Goods 6

Wholly or partly by sea 7

International carriage 8

Connection with Contracting States 9

Contracts to which the Rules do not apply-Excluded contracts 10

Introduction 10

Exclusion of certain contracts in liner transportation 10

Inclusion of certain contracts in non-liner transportation 11

Application of the Rotterdam Rules to third parties who are not original parties to an excluded contract 12

Carrier's period of responsibility under a contract of carriage to which the Rotterdam Rules apply 15

The enigma of volume contracts 16

Introduction 16

The special provisions 17

The American idea 18

The idea accepted and re-drafted 20

Limitations on the right to vary 22

Pre-conditions to the validity of a derogation 22

Volume contracts and third parties 23

Jurisdiction and arbitration clauses 24

A final thought about volume contracts 24

Conclusion 25

CHAPTER 2.FROM TREATY TO TRIAL-THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ROTTERDAM RULES&Michael Harakis 27

The treaty 27

UK government policy 28

Convention state obligations 30

Interpretation under the VCLT 31

Interpreting the Interpretation Article 32

Continuous interpretation 33

Volume contracts as an example 35

Finally 35

CHAPTER 3.INTERPRETING THE INTERNATIONAL SEA-CARRIAGE CONVENTIONS:OLD AND NEW 37

Simon Rainey QC 37

Introduction 37

English legislative technique to treaty implementation 38

General principles of treaty interpretation 39

(1)"Broad principles of general acceptation" 40

(2)The Vienna Convention 42

Article 31:"The ordinary and natural meaning" 44

(1)The authentic language of the Convention 44

The Hague Rules 45

The Hague-Visby Rules 46

The Rotterdam Rules 50

(2)"In good faith" 51

(3)"Ordinary meaning" 52

(4)Context,object and purpose 54

Article 32:"Supplementary means of interpretation" 58

(1)Publicity and availability 59

(2)The requisite standard for reception and use 61

(3)The "bull's eye" approach 61

Uniformity and the law in other jurisdictions 66

The use of subsequent conventions 68

The Rotterdam Rules and special aspects of interpretation 68

(1)General drafting technique 69

(2)Article 2 and "good faith" 70

(3)A text divorced from English sources 71

Conclusions 71

CHAPTER 4.FREEDOM OF CONTRACT AND THE ROTTERDAM RULES:FRAMEWORK FOR NEGOTIATION OR ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL?&Professor Andrew Tettenborn 73

Introduction 73

The scheme of the Rotterdam Rules and the anti-avoidance provisions-an overview 74

Rotterdam:changes in the compulsory regime 75

Compulsory regime extended to more forms of carriage contracts 75

Additions to the carrier's duty 77

The shipper's duty set in stone 77

Choice of jurisdiction rigidified 79

The "volume" exception 80

Rotterdam:clarifications 81

FIOS ("free in,out,stowed") clauses 81

The extent of carriage 82

Rotterdam:uncertainties 83

Carrier or freight intermediary? 83

Identity of the carrier and the demise clause 86

The charter exception 88

Conclusion 88

CHAPTER 5.MINIMAL MUSIC:MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT INCLUDING A MARITIME LEG UNDER THE ROTTERDAM RULES&Professor Ralph de Wit 91

The Rotterdam Rules do not constitute a comprehensive multimodal regime 91

General concepts 91

The nature of the multimodal regime in the Rotterdam Rules 92

Article 26 RR 93

Carriage preceding or subsequent to sea carriage 93

Incidence of the period of responsibility 94

Localised loss,damage and delay 94

Precedence only for international conventions 95

Hypothetical contract 95

Precedence for limited subject matter only 98

Precedence of mandatory regimes only 98

Article 82 RR 99

International conventions governing other modes of transport 99

Existing international conventions 99

Carriage by air 100

Carriage by road 101

Carriage by rail and by inland waters 103

The scope of the unimodal conventions 104

Conclusion 110

CHAPTER 6.THE DUTIES OF CARRIERS UNDER THE CONVENTIONS:CARE AND SEAWORTHINESS&Andrew Nicholas 113

Introduction 113

Relevant Provisions of the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules and the Rotterdam Rules 113

The Locus Standi of containers 114

"Jordan II":Codification 115

On-going duties of seaworthiness and cargoworthiness 116

Conclusion 117

CHAPTER 7.PACKAGE LIMITATION AS AN ESSENTIAL FEATURE OF THE MODERN MARITIME TRANSPORT TREATIES:A CRITICAL ANALYSIS&Professor Marc A Huybrechts 119

Package limitation in the three main transport treaties 119

Some background facts regarding global/or tonnage limitation and package limitation 120

Tonnage limitation 121

Package limitation:historic origin and justification 122

The formation of the Hague Rules,the principle of limitation is not challenged and the "no-joke" approach 124

The 1968 Visby Rules:what changes have been introduced? 124

The Hamburg Rules 127

The Package limitation in the Rotterdam Rules 127

The basis of the limitation amount 130

The El Greco decision 131

The MV Elbe decision 134

The declaration of value 135

Limitation for losses caused by delay 136

Loss of the benefit of limitation of liability under the Rotterdam Rules 136

Loss of the right to limit and deck cargo 137

Limitation of actions under the Rotterdam Rules 137

Conclusion 138

CHAPTER 8.EXCLUSIONS OF LIABILITY&Julian Clark and Jeffrey Thomson 141

Introduction 141

The frameworks of the carrier's liability:The shifting burdens 142

The Hague Rules exceptions 145

Exceptions introduced by the Rotterdam Rules 158

The Rotterdam Rules and "Volume Contracts" 160

Conclusion 160

CHAPTER 9.MISDELIVERY CLAIMS UNDER BILLS OF LADING AND INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS FOR THE CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA&Simon Baughen 163

Introduction 163

The nature of the obligation in contract and conversion 163

Do misdelivery claims fall under the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules? 168

Misdelivery and the Hague-Visby exceptions and limitations 169

Express exceptions and misdelivery 172

Contract or conversion? Measure of damages 175

Non-contractual claims for misdelivery 178

Misdelivery suits under the Hamburg Rules 179

Misdelivery suits under the Rotterdam Rules 180

(1)Delivery under the Convention 181

(2)Defences under the Convention 184

(3)Compensation for misdelivery 186

(4)Claims in tort/bailment 186

(5)Misdelivery and maritime performing parties 187

Conclusion 188

CHAPTER 10.SOME REMARKS ON THE ALLOCATION OF THE BURDEN OF PROOF UNDER THE ROTTERDAM RULES AS COMPARED TO THE HAGUE (VISBY) RULES&Dr Nick J Margetson 191

Introduction 191

Duties of the carrier and his rights and immunities under the H(V)R 192

Overriding obligation 193

Exceptions 194

The burden of proof in article 4(1) H(V)R 195

The burden of proof in article 4(2)q H(V)R 196

The burden of proof under the H(V)R in general 196

The Glendarroch rule 198

The allocation of the burden of proof based on the bailment doctrine 199

Tetley 201

H(V)R:interim conclusion 201

H(V)R:the author's view 201

Example 1:nautical fault (article 4(2) H(V)R) 202

Example 2:fire (article 4(2)(b) H(V)R) 202

Example 3:perils of the sea (article 4(2)(c) H(V)R) 203

Example 4:the q-exception (article 4(2)q) 205

H(V)R:conclusions 206

RR:duties of the carrier and his rights and immunities 206

Duties 206

Rights and immunities 207

RR:allocation of the burden of proof in general 207

The intent of the RR 210

RR:examples 211

Example 1:the nautical fault exception 211

Example 2:the fire exception 211

Example 3:perils of the sea 212

Example 4:article 17(1) and 17(2) RR 212

RR:conclusions 213

CHAPTER 11.DUTIES OF SHIPPERS AND DANGEROUS CARGOES&Frank Stevens 215

Introduction 215

The duty to pay freight 215

The duty to deliver the goods ready for carriage 217

The duty to provide information 220

Information required to properly handle and carry the goods 221

Information required to comply with laws and regulations 223

Information required to issue the Bill of Lading 224

Knowingly misstating nature or value of the goods 224

Additional information during the course of the carriage 225

Liability of the shipper 225

Principle:fault-based liability 225

Exception:strict liability 227

Liability for delay 228

Shipper's liability for other persons 228

Liability of the documentary shipper 229

Dangerous goods 229

What are "dangerous goods"? 230

Shipper's duties with respect to dangerous goods 232

Shipper's liabilities with respect to dangerous goods 233

Carrier's rights with respect to dangerous goods 234

The "duty" to give notice of loss 235

CHAPTER 12.DECK CARGO:SAFELY STOWED AT LAST OR STILL AT SEA?&Dr Susan Hodges and David A Glass 237

Introduction 237

The position under Anglo-American common law 238

Cargo stated as being carried on deck and is so carried:claused bills of lading 238

No indication of deck carriage:clean bills of lading 239

The English perspective 239

The US approach:quasi-deviation 243

The Tarago approach 244

Excuses for carriage on deck 245

Consent 245

Express consent 246

Liberties and duty of care. 247

Implied consent 248

Custom 249

Custom of stowage on container ships and specialised carriers 250

Reasonable deviation 250

Dangerous goods 253

Exceptions of liability 254

The Hague-Visby Rules:article IV Rule 2(A)-(Q) 254

The Hamburg Rules 255

The Rotterdam Rules 257

A fault-based regime of liability and defences:article 17(2) and (3) 257

Non-permissible deck carriage 258

Exclusively caused by their carriage on deck 259

Not exclusively caused by their carriage on deck 260

Permissible deck carriage 261

Permissible deck carriage under Article 25(l)(a) and (c) 261

Permissible deck carriage under Article 25(l)(b) 263

Limitation of liability 267

Conclusion 269

CHAPTER 13.TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS&Professor Francis Reynolds QC 271

Introduction 271

The Hague Rules 271

The Hague-Visby Rules 273

The Hamburg Rules 274

The Rotterdam Rules 275

CHAPTER 14.ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS AND THE ROTTERDAM RULES&David Martin-Clark 283

Introduction 283

The CMI Rules on Electronic Document Interchange 283

The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce 286

The carriage of goods 288

UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures 289

The Rotterdam Rules and electronic commerce 290

Practical experience with electronic bills of lading 292

Bolero 292

ESS:Electronic Shipping Solutions 293

CHAPTER 15.IMPACT OF THE ROTTERDAM RULES ON THE HIMALAYA CLAUSE:THE PORT TERMINAL OPERATORS' CASE&Professor Jason Chuah 295

Contexts and considerations 295

Replication of the Himalaya Clause by Treaty 297

The scope of the application of the Rotterdam Rules and port terminal operators 303

Himalaya-type protection and the period of responsibility 307

What constitute the "defences" under articles 4 and 19? 308

Effect of deviation on the automatic Himalaya-type protection 313

Indemnities and the automatic Himalaya-type protection 313

Conclusion 314

CHAPTER 16.JURISDICTION AND ARBITRATION&Professor Yvonne Baatz 319

Introduction 319

The current international position 320

The Rotterdam Rules 322

Declaration by an EU Member State or the European Union 323

Party choice and volume contracts 324

Exclusive court jurisdiction agreement in a volume contract between the shipper and the carrier 325

Exclusive jurisdiction agreement in a volume contract between the carrier and someone other than the shipper 327

Jurisdiction agreement concluded after the dispute has arisen 329

Submission to the jurisdiction of a competent court 330

Where there is no valid exclusive jurisdiction agreement 331

Action against a maritime performing party 331

Arrest and provisional or protective measures 332

Consolidation of actions 333

Preserving choice of jurisdiction by the cargo interests 334

Recognition and enforcement 334

Comments on Chapter 14 on jurisdiction 335

Arbitration 338

Non-liner transportation 339

Comments on Chapter 15 on arbitration 340

Conclusion 342

APPENDICES 343

1.The Rotterdam Rules 343

2.The Hamburg Rules 379

3.The Hague-Visby Rules 395

4.The Hague Rules 401