从认知角度看汉语和英语的空间隐喻 英文PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Chapter 2 The Historical Background 5

2.1 The Aristotelian Approach:Metaphor as a Transference of Names 5

2.2 The Traditional Linguistic Approach:The Controversion Theory and the Deviance Theory 7

2.3 The Pragmatic Approach:Metaphor as a Special Speech Act 8

2.4 The Interactionist Approach:Metaphor as an Interaction 10

2.5 Biyu Studies in China 12

Chapter 3 Theoretical Prerequisites 17

3.1 Symbolic,Conceptual and Subconceptual Representations of Cognition 17

3.2 The Cognitive Linguistic Paradigm 20

3.2.1 The Theory of Prototypes and Basic-level Categories 20

3.2.2 An Overview of Cognitive Linguistics 22

3.2.3 Experiential Realism:The Bodily Basis of Cognition 28

3.3 The Cognitive Approach to Metaphor 30

3.3.1 The Main Characteristics of Metaphor 32

3.3.2 The Internal Structure of Metaphor:Metaphor as a Mapping Across Domains 35

3.3.3 The Experiential Bases and the Realizations of Metaphor 37

3.3.4 The Classification of Metaphor 41

3.3.5 Recent Studies Adopting the Cognitive Approach to Metaphor 44

3.3.6 Criticisms of the Cognitive Approach to Metaphor 46

3.3.7 Questions Faced by the Cognitive Approach to Metaphor 50

3.4 Space,Image Schemas and Spatial Metaphors 52

3.4.1 The Primacy of Space 52

3.4.2 The Primacy of UP/DOWN Axis 55

3.4.3 Image Schema 56

3.4.4 Spatial Metaphors 59

3.5 Research Issues:UP,DOWN,SHANG and XIA as Image Schematic Concepts 61

Chapter 4 Research Methodology 68

4.1 From UP to Up 68

4.2 The Dictionary-based Approach and the Corpus-based Approach 70

4.3 Building up a Database 73

5.1 SHANG and XIA 83

Chapter 5 SHANG/XIA and UP/DOWN in the Lexicon 83

5.1.1 QUANTITY 86

5.1.2 SOCIAL HIERARCHY 88

5.1.3 TIME 91

5.1.4 STATES 97

5.1.5 Elaboration from Verticality to Horizontality 103

5.1.6 Summary 106

5.2 UP and DOWN 107

5.2.1 QUANTITY 109

5.2.2 SOCIAL HIERARCHY 111

5.2.3 TIME 112

5.2.4 STATES 118

5.2.5 Elaboration from Verticality to Horizontality 124

5.3 Summary 125

6.1 SHANG 128

6.1.1 The General Picture of SHANG 128

Chapter 6 SHANG/XIA and UP/DOWN in the Corpora 128

6.1.2 The Metaphorical Extensions of SHANG 131

6.2 XIA 138

6.2.1 The General Picture of XIA 138

6.2.2 The Metaphorical Extensions of XIA 141

6.3 UP 147

6.3.1 The General Picture of UP 147

6.3.2 The Metaphorical Extensions of UP 151

6.4.1 The General Picture of DOWN 156

6.4 DOWN 156

6.4.2 The Metaphorical Extensions of DOWN 159

6.5 Summary 164

Chapter 7 Conclusions 168

Appendix 1 173

Appendix 2 175

Index 176

English Bibliography 178

Chinese Bibliography 190