英语听力教学PDF电子书下载

Part 1 Understanding spoken English 1

1 Real-life listening 2

1.1 Purpose and expectation 3

1.2 Response 4

1.3 Visibility of the speaker 4

1.4 Environmental clues 5

1.5 Shortness 6

1.6 Informal speech 6

Redundancy 7

'Noise' 7

Colloquial language 8

Auditory character 9

2 Listening to English as a foreign language 11

2.1 Hearing the sounds 11

2.2 Understanding intonation and stress 13

2.3 Coping with redundancy and 'noise' 13

2.4 Predicting 16

2.5 Understanding colloquial vocabulary 17

2.6 Fatigue 19

2.7 Understanding different accents 20

2.8 Using visual and aural environmental clues 20

3 Planning exercises 22

3.1 Listening materials 22

Producing suitable discourse 22

Using recordings 24

3.2 The task 25

A pre-set purpose 26

Ongoing learner-response 26

Motivation 27

Success 27

Simplicity 28

Feedback 28

3.3 Visual materials 29

Contextualization 29

Learning and motivation 30

Pictures and diagrams as task-bases 30

Part 2 Suggestions for classroom activities 33

4 Listening for perception 35

4.1 At word-level 36

Oral activities 37

Reading and writing activities 39

Meaning-based activities 40

4.2 At sentence-level 41

Oral activities 42

Reading and writing activities 43

Meaning-based activities 44

5 Listening for comprehension 47

5.1 Listening and making no response 51

Following a written text 51

Listening to a familiar text 52

Listening aided by visuals 53

Informal teacher-talk 62

Entertainment 63

5.2 Listening and making short responses 67

Obeying instructions 68

Ticking off items 74

True/false exercises 77

Detecting mistakes 80

Aural cloze 83

Guessing definitions 87

Noting specific information 91

Pictures 96

Maps 103

Ground-plans 108

Grids 116

Family trees 121

Graphs 124

5.3 Listening and making longer responses 127

Repetition and dictation 128

Paraphrase 129

Translation 132

Answering questions 133

Answering comprehension questions on texts 136

Predictions 139

Fillinggaps 142

Summarizing 145

5.4 Listening as a basis for study and discussion 148

Problem-solving 148

Jigsaw listening 152

Interpretative listening 160

Evaluative and stylistic analysis 164

A postscript:conversation 167

Bibliography 169

Index 173