英语语音学PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Acoustics and Articulation 1

1.1 Speech perception 2

1.1.1 Definition of speech perception 2

1.1.2 Acoustic cues 3

1.1.3 Perception of continuous speech 3

1.1.4 Theories of speech perception 4

1.2 Speech production 6

1.2.1 The stages of speech production 6

1.2.2 The speech chain 7

1.2.3 Organs of speech 8

1.2.4 Articulatory description of speech sounds 11

Summary 11

Exercises 12

Further reading 13

Chapter 2 The English Pronunciation and Phonetic Transcriptions 15

2.1 Received Pronunciation(RP) 16

2.2 General American(GA) 18

2.3 Pronunciation differences between Received Pronunciation and General American 20

2.3.1 Vowel differences 20

2.3.2 Consonantal differences 22

2.4 Phonetic transcriptions and the International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA) 23

2.4.1 Why do people use phonetic transcription? 23

2.4.2 Introduction to IPA 24

2.4.3 Diacritics 27

2 英语语音学 29

2.4.4 Broad and narrow transcriptions 29

Summary 29

Exercises 30

Further reading 34

Chapter 3 English Consonants 35

3.1 The manners of articulation 35

3.2 The places of articulation 37

3.3 Teaching of consonants 39

Summary 55

Exercises 56

Further reading 57

Chapter 4 English Vowels 59

4.1 The Cardinal Vowel system 60

4.2 The criteria of vowel description 61

4.3 The classification of vowels 61

4.4 Teaching of vowels 71

Summary 72

Exercises 72

Further reading 74

Chapter 5 Phonemes and Phonology 75

5.1 Phonetics and phonology 76

5.2 Phonemic system 77

5.2.1 Phoneme 77

5.2.2 Phonological rules 79

5.3 Distinctive features 82

5.4 Allophone 84

5.4.1 Phonemic contrast 85

5.4.2 Complementary distribution 85

5.4.3 Free variation 86

Summary 86

Exercises 87

Further reading 88

Chapter 6 Syllables and Suprasegmental Features 91

6.1 Syllable 92

6.1.1 Phonological structure of a syllable 92

6.1.2 Classification of syllables 94

6.2 Stress 96

6.2.1 Word stress 96

6.2.2 Sentence stress 98

6.3 Strong forms and weak forms 101

6.4 Length 109

6.5 Rhythm 110

6.6 Pitch 112

6.7 Intonation and tone 113

6.7.1 Types of intonation 113

6.7.2 Functions and uses of intonation 118

6.7.3 Tone 120

Summary 121

Exercises 121

Further reading 125

References 127