商务法律英语PDF电子书下载

1美国法律制度 1

Understanding the American Legal System 3

Colonies of England 3

The Articles of Confederation 4

The Constitution of the United States 4

The Executive Branch Has the Power to Approve New Laws and toConduct Foreign Affairs 5

The Legislative Branch Has the Exclusive Power to Make Laws 6

The Judicial Branch Has the Power to Enforce and Interpret the Laws 6

Vocabulary 8

Exercises 9

2法庭和诉讼语言 13

The Organization of Courts and Judicial Review 15

The California Court System 16

The Language of Lawsuits 17

Jurisdiction of the Courts 20

How a Common Law System Is Different From a Civil Law System 21

Vocabulary 22

Exercises 24

3合同：合同的成立 31

What is the Difference Between a ’ Promise’and a ’ Contract’ ？ 33

The Elements of a Contract 33

The Offer 34

The Acceptance 34

The Counteroffer 34

Identifying the Parties 35

Limited Offers 36

Terminating Offers 37

Legality of Offers 39

Offers Must be Defiinite and Certain 40

Other Methods of Acceptance： Bilateral and Unilateral Contracts 40

Consideration 41

A Substitute for Consideration—Detrimental Reliance 43

Vocabulary 45

Exercises 45

4合同：合同成立中的问题 51

Problems with Formation of Contracts 53

Mutuality of Agreement—a Meeting of the Minds 53

Competence of the Parties 54

Intent to Make a Contract 56

Defenses to Contract Formation —When an Agreement is Not Really an Agreement 58

Statute of Frauds—Contracts That Must Be Written 60

Vocabulary 62

Exercises 62

5合同：变更、履行和违约 69

Changing the Contract 71

Amendment of the Contract 71

Assignment， Delegation， and Novation 72

Novation 73

Third Party Benefiiciary Contracts 74

Breach of Contract—What Happens When the Contract is Not Performed 76

Material and Immaterial Breach 76

Anticipatory Breach 78

Remedies for Breach of Contract 79

Specific Performance—When Money Damages Do Not Remedy the Problem 81

Two Limits on Breach of Contract Damages 81

Vocabulary 84

Exercises 85

6侵权：故意侵权 91

What is a Tort？ 93

Personal Intentional Torts 94

Assault and Battery 94

Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress 95

False Imprisonment 96

Defamation 97

Invasion of Privacy 98

Public Disclosure of Private Facts 99

Use of Name or Picture for Commercial Purpose 99

Intrusion into Private Places 100

False Light 101

Trespass 101

Vocabulary 103

Exercises 103

7侵权：过失侵权和严格责任 111

Negligence 113

Causation 113

Foreseeability Rule 113

Strict Liability 115

Non-Natural Materials 115

Dangerous Activities 116

Products Liability 117

Vocabulary 119

Exercises 120

8侵权：损害赔偿和抗辩 127

Damages for Torts 129

Compensatory Damages for Negligence 130

Damages for Intentional Torts 131

Assault and Battery 131

Intentional Infiiction of Emotional Distress 131

False Imprisonment 131

Defamation 132

Invasion of Privacy 132

Punitive Damages 132

Limits on Punitive Damages 134

Defenses to Torts 135

Assumption of the Risk 135

Comparative Negligence 136

Superseding Cause 137

Consent 137

Self-Defense 137

Necessity 137

Truth as a Defense to Defamation 137

Vocabulary 138

Exercises 138

9不动产：所有权 145

What is Real Property？ 147

Subterranean Rights and Air Rights 148

Ownership of Real Property 149

The Transfer of Ownership of Real Propertv 150

Freehold Estates： Fee Simple Ownership 150

Freehold Estates： Conditional Fee Simple 150

Freehold Estates： Life Estates 151

Vocabulary 153

Exercises 154

10不动产：占有和使用 161

Interests in Real Property Without Ownership 163

Leasehold Estates 163

Leasehold Estates： Tenancy for Years 164

Leasehold Estates： Periodic Tenancy 164

Leasehold Estates： Tenancy at Sufferance 165

Leasehold Estates： Transferring the Lease 165

Rights to Use Another’s Real Property 167

Licenses 167

Easements 168

Profits 169

Transfer of Ownership Against the Propety Owner’s Will 169

Adverse Possession 169

Eminent Domain 171

Vocabulary 172

Exercises 173

11知识产权：著作权 179

The Business of Creativity 181

What is Copyright？ 181

A Short History of Copyright 182

The Public Domain 183

The Exclusive Rights of a Copyright Owner 184

The First Sale Doctrine 186

Fair Use 187

Infringement of Copyright 190

Substantial Similarity 190

Remedies for Copyright Infringement 190

Injunctions 192

Vocabulary 192

Exercises 193

12知识产权：专利和商业秘密 201

Patents 203

Requirements to Obtain a Patent 203

Are Business Methods Patentable or Not？ 204

Design Patents 205

Trade Secrets 206

Vocabulary 209

Exercises 209

13知识产权：商标 213

What is a Trademark？ 215

Acquiring Ownership of a Trademark 215

Geographic Limitations on Ownership 216

Advantages of Registration with the U.S.Trademark Offce 217

The Duration of Trademarks 218

Fair Use of Trademarks 219

Trademarks and the Internet 220

Lawsuits for Trademark Infringement and Trademark Dilution 220

Vocabulary 222

Exercises 222

14商事组织：独资企业和合伙 229

Sole Proprietorships—the Simplest Business Organization 231

Advantages of a Sole Proprietorship 231

Disadvantages of a Sole Proprietorship 231

Partnerships 233

Advantages of a Partnership 234

Disadvantages of a Partnership 235

The Duties of the Partners to Each Other 236

Joint Ventures 237

Vocabulary 238

Exercises 238

15商事组织：公司和有限责任公司 245

Corporations 247

The Ownership and Management of a Corporation 247

How a Corporation Is Created 249

Advantages of a Corporation 251

Disadvantages of a Corporation 253

Limited Liability Companies 255

Disadvantages of a Limited Liability Company 256

Vocabulary 257

Exercises 258