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Volume Ⅰ 1

Chapter One　Land and People 1

Section One The British Isles and Great Britain 1

(1)Names and position 1

(2)Physiographic Features 7

(3)Climate and Weather 11

(4)Factors Influencing British Weather 15

(5)Inland Water 16

Section Two The State 17

(1)Central Government and Local Government 17

(2)Police and Justice 22

(3)People 23

(4)Religion 24

(5)Characteristics of the English People 25

(6)Generation Gap 28

Section Three National Economy 32

(1)A General Survey 32

(2)The Textile Industries 36

(3)Agriculture 37

(4)Transportation 40

(5)Framework of Industry and the Slow Growth of Economy 43

(6)Cities 46

Chapter Two　English History 54

Section One Origin of the English Nation 54

(1)The Native Celts and the Anglo-Saxon Conquest 54

(2)The Normans 59

(3)The Norman Conquest and Middle English 60

(4)Influence of the Norman Conquest 61

Section Two The Great Charter and Beginning of Parliament 64

(1)Henry Ⅱ and His Reform 65

(2)Thomas Becket 68

(3)The Great Charter 72

(4)Beginning of Parliament 73

Section Three Decline of Feudalism in England 76

(1)The Hundred Years'War 76

(2)The Black Death 79

(3)The Peasant Uprising 80

(4)The Wars of the Roses 82

Section Four The Tudor Monarchy and the Rising Bourgeoisie 85

(1)The New Monarchy 85

(2)Clothing Industry 86

(3)Enclosures and the Peasant Uprising 88

(4)Discovery of New Lands and Its Influence 89

(5)Renaissance in England and Modem English 92

Section Five Reformation in England 97

(1)The Catholic Church in the Middle Ages 97

(2)Revolt of the Protestants 98

(3)Reformation in England and the Church of England 100

(4)Elizabeth Ⅰ 102

Section Six The English Bourgeois Revolution 106

(1)Background to the Revolution 106

(2)James Ⅰ 107

(3)Charles Ⅰ 109

(4)The Independents and Pilgrim Fathers 110

(5)The Short Parliament and the Long Parliament 112

(6)Cromwell as Lord Protector 115

(7)Restoration 117

Section Seven The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement 119

(1)Background to the Industrial Revolution 120

(2)Process of the Industrial Revolution 122

(3)Effects of the Industrial Revolution 123

(4)The Chartist Movement(1836—1848) 127

(5)Queen Victoria and Her Time 129

Section Eight Rise and Fall of the British Empire 133

Chapter Three　Government and Politics and Education 148

Section One The Monarchy 148

Section Two The English Nobility 154

Section Three The House of Lords 157

Seetion Four The House of Commons 160

Section Five The British Government 165

Section Six Political Parties 167

Section Seven Educational System and Schools 170

Chapter Four Section One 178

Family and Life 178

Section Two Supplementary Materials 191

Britain's Press,Radio and Television 191

Volume Ⅱ 197

Chapter One　Panoramic View 197

Section One The United States and the Americans 197

(1)Name,Size and Position 197

(2)Population 200

(3)Distribution of People 206

(4)Class Structure 208

Section Two Geographical Features and Climate 212

(1)The Atlantic Seacoast and the Appalachians 213

(2)The Great Mississippi River Basin 215

(3)The Rockies West to the Pacific Ocean 217

(4)Climate and Weather 219

Section Three Natural Resources 225

(1)Rivers and Lakes 225

(2)Forests 229

(3)Mineral Resources 230

(4)Land Resources 232

Section Four National Economy and Cities 233

(1)Framework of Economy 234

(2)Productivity 238

(3)Industry and Cities 239

(4)Agriculture and Husbandry 252

(5)Transportation and Communication 256

Chapter Two　American History 260

Section One The Thirteen English-American Colonies 260

(1)The Founding of the Colonies 260

(2)The Early Immigrants 267

(3)Life in the Colonies 268

(4)Education and Schools in the Colonies 273

Section Two The War of Independence 274

(1)Relations between the Colonies and England 274

(2)The First Continental Congress 282

(3)The Second Continental Congress 283

(4)The Declaration of Independence 285

(5)Military Struggle and Final Victory 286

Section Three Appearance of the American Constitution and the Washing-ton Administration 289

(1)America after Independence 290

(2)The Gonstitutional Convention 293

(3)The American Constitution 294

(4)Washington as the First President 297

Section Four America during the First Half of the 19th Century——an Era of Expansion 302

(1)Jefferson and His Era 302

(2)The Second War with England 305

(3)Immediate Effect of the War 307

(4)Large Scale Expansion to the West 309

(5)The Monroe Doctrine 316

Section Five　The Civil War 320

(1)The Beginning of Negro Slavery in America 320

(2)Conflicts Arising from Slavery 323

(3)Abraham Lincoln 326

(4)Military Contest in the Civil War 328

(5)The Emancipation Proclamation and Final Victory 330

(6)Lincoln's Death and American Concept of a Hero 332

(7)Effect of the Civil War 334

Section Six　America's Development and Foreign Aggression after the Civil War 336

(1)Economic Development after the War 337

(2)Appearance of Monopoly Businesses 342

(3)Imperialist Foreign Policy and War with Spain 346

(4)Aggression against China 348

(5)Social Reforms during Industrialization 349

Section Seven America during and after World War Ⅰ 355

(1)America before the War 355

(2)Beginning of the War and America's Neutrality 356

(3)Entrance of America into the War 356

(4)America and the Treaty of Versailles 358

(5)America's Policy after the War 359

(6)The Great Depression 362

(7)President Roosevelt's"New Deal" 365

Section Eight America during and after World War Ⅱ 369

(1)The Beginning of the War and America's Policy 369

(2)America's Entrance into the War 373

(3)America after the War 375

(4)America in the 1960s and 1970s 378

Chapter Three　Form of Government and Social Life 383

Section One Political Parties and Elections 383

Section Two The Federal Government 389

Section Three The U.S.Congress 398

Section Four The Judicial Branch 403

Section Five Education and Schools 408

Section Six Employment,Life and Family 419

Supplementary Materials for Reference 436

Section One The Ancient Mediterranean World and the Origin of Euro-pean Civilization 436

Section Two Appearance and Development of Christianity 456

Section Three Information about the U.S.Passport and Immigration 466

(1)U.S.Passport,Visa and Health Requirements 466

(2)Customs Exemptions and Advice to Travelers 470

(3)U.S.Immigration Law 472

(4)How to Become an American Gitizen 475

Section Four Federal Income Tax 477

Section Five Investment:A Basic Glossary 490

Section Six Other Materials for Reference 495

(1)Average Salaries of the U.S.Employees 495

(2)Worker Statistics 497

(3)Personal Consumption Expenditures 498

(4)Presidents of the U.S 499

(5)The 50 States of the U.S 501

(6)Kings and Queens of England and Great Britain 503

(7)Prime Ministers of Great Britain 506

(8)British Currency,Metric Equivalents for British Weights and Measures,Britain's Bank and Public Holidays 509