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INTRODUCTION vii 1

Section Ⅰ Ocean Shipping 1

1. Basic Concept of Shipping 1

2. Re1ations between Ocean Shipping and Foreign Trade 6

SectionⅡ The Running of Cargo Ships 11

1. Types of Ships 11

2. Ship's Papers2 16

3. Type of Ocean Shipping Service 23

4. Agency 28

sectiOn Ⅲ procedures for carriage of Goods by ocean Goings Ship 32

1. Routine Procedures and Essential Shipping Documents 32

2. Formalities of Ships Entering and Leaving Port 41

Section Ⅳ Port Charges 50

1. Tonnage Dues 50

2. Port Charges Proper 53

3. Loading, Discharging and Tallying Charges 57

4. Miscellaneous Charges 59

5. Agency Fees 60

Section Ⅴ Freight 62

Section Ⅵ Bill of Lading 79

1. Nature, FunCtion and Types Df Bill of Lading 79

2. Essential Terms of Bill of Lading 90

3. International Convention governing Bill of Lading 107

Section VII Charterparty 133

1. Nature, Function and Types of Charterparty 133

2. Essential Clauses of Charterparty 142

Section VIII General Average 181

1. Principle of General Average 181

2. Essential Features of General AVerage 183

3. General Average Sacrifice 187

4. General Average Expenditure 191

5. General Average Contribution and APportionment 196

6. Adjustment of General AVerage 199

7. Procedures following a General Average ACt 210

Section IX Containerized Traffic 212

Section X Combined Transport 227

Section XI Air Transport and Freight Rates 245

1. Advantages of Air Transport 245

2. Air Freight Rates 249

Chargeable weight 251

Formation of Freight Rates 251

Minimum Charge 251

General Cargo Rate 252

Specific Commodity Rate 253

Class Rate 255

3. Valuation Charge 256

4. C. O. D. Service Charge 257

Section XII BoOking Procedure and Air Waybill 258

1. Air Cargo Agents 259

2. Air Freight Forwarder 261

3. Air Waybill 263

APPENDICES 269

I Abbreviations and Definitions 270

II Port Conditions 274

III International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading Signed at Brussels on 25 August, 1924 283

IV The 1968 Brussels Protocol 293

Protocol to amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, signed at Brussels on 25 August,1924 293

V United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, 1978 300

VI International Convention for the Uuification of Certain Rules of Law in regard to Collisions (Brus-sels, September 23, 1910) 323

VII International Convention relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-going Ships (Brus-sels, October 10, 1957) 328

VIII The York-Antwerp Rules 1974 336

IX Specimen of Freight Tariff 346

X Specimen from of PICC'S Average Guarantee 350

XI Specimen of Lloyd's Average Bond 351

XII Specimen forms of CAAC and IATA airliners Letter of InstruCtion 353

XIII 英汉外贸运输名词对照表 355