英译汉教程PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 General Principles 1

1.1　What is Translation? 1

1.1.1 Linguistic Views on Translation 1

1.1.2 Cultural Views on Translation 1

1.1.3 Literary Views on Translation 2

1.1.4 Semantic Views on Translation 2

1.1.5 Functional Views on Translation 3

1.1.6 Communicative Views on Translation 3

1.2 The Assessment of Translation 3

1.2.1 Translation Criteria Put Forward by Famous Translators or Translation Theorists 3

1.2.2 Other Factors Affecting the Evaluation of Translation 6

1.2.3 Criteria for Beginners of Translation 7

1.2.4 Translation Proficiency:the Requirements of the Teaching Syllabus for the English Major（中国高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲对翻译教学的要求） 7

1.3 The Competence of a Translator 8

1.3.1 Excellent Command of the Two Languages 8

1.3.2 Considerable Knowledge of the Two Cultures 9

1.3.3 Adequate Knowledge of the Subject Matter 11

1.3.4 Fair Capacity for Writing 11

1.3.5 Plenty of Practice and Adequate Knowledge of Translation Theories and Skills 11

1.3.6 Skills in the Use of Information Technology 12

1.4 Translation Strategies 12

1.4.1 Literal Translation and Free Translation 12

1.4.2 Foreignizing Translation and Domesticating Translation 13

1.4.3 Style and Translation 15

1.5 Basic Processes in Translating 19

1.5.1 The Four-phase Process in Translating 19

1.5.2 Some Dos and Don'ts for Students 21

1.5.3 Procedures of Translation by a Team 21

Chapter 2 Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese 25

2.1 Studies of the English Language 25

2.1.1 External History:Historical Information Related to the English Language 25

2.1.2 Internal History:a Linguistic Review 28

2.1.3 Some Characteristics of English 29

2.2 Studies of the Chinese Language 31

2.2.1 Some Major Factors Affecting the Chinese Language 31

2.2.2 Some Characteristics of Modern Chinese 32

2.3 English vs.Chinese:Ten Pairs of Features 38

2.3.1 Synthetic vs.Analytic（综合语与分析语） 38

2.3.2 Rigid vs.Supple（刚性与柔性） 44

2.3.3 Hypotactic vs.Paratactic（形合与意合） 47

2.3.4 Complex vs.Simplex（繁复与简短） 49

2.3.5 Impersonal vs.Personal（物称与人称） 50

2.3.6 Passive vs.Active（被动与主动） 52

2.3.7 Static vs.Dynamic（静态与动态） 54

2.3.8 Abstract vs.Concrete（抽象与具体） 55

2.3.9 Indirect vs.Direct（间接与直接） 56

2.3.10 Substitutive vs.Repetitive（替换与重复） 59

Conclusion 66

3.1 Choice of Affective Meanings 67

Chapter 3 Diction（选词法） 67

3.2 Choice of Grammatical Meanings 70

3.3 Choice of Contextual Meanings 71

3.4 Choice of Collocative Meanings 72

3.5 Choice of Stylistic Meanings 74

3.6 Choice of Ambiguous Meanings 81

3.7 Choice of Extended Meanings 83

3.8 Choice of Equivalent Meanings 87

3.9 Choice of Exact Meanings 92

3.10 Choice of Different Chinese Words to Translate the Same English Word or Use of the Same Chinese Word(s)to Translate Different English Words 95

Conclusion 102

Chapter 4 Conversion（转换法） 103

4.1 Conversion of Word Classes 103

4.2 Conversion of Sentence Members 114

4.3 Conversion of Impersonal Subjects 118

4.4 Conversion of Perspectives 125

Conclusion 128

5.1 Structural Addition 129

Chapter 5 Addition（增补法） 129

5.2 Semantic Addition 130

5.3 Rhetorical Addition 140

Conclusion 144

Chapter 6 Omission（省略法） 146

6.1 Omission of Words Peculiar to English 146

6.2 Omission of Words Superfluous in Chinese 149

Conclusion 162

Chapter 7 Repetition（重复法） 164

7.1 Grammatical Repetition 165

7.2 Rhetorical Reduplication and Repetition 170

Conclusion 183

Chapter 8 Inversion（倒置法） 184

8.1 Inversion of Word Order in Translating Word-Groups or Phrases 184

8.2 Inversion of Word Order in Translating Attributes 185

8.3 Position of Adjective Clauses 188

8.4 Inversion of Adverbials 193

8.5 Position of Adverbial Clauses 194

8.6 Inversion of Sentence Structure 196

Conclusion 205

Chapter 9 Negation（反译法） 208

9.1 Transfer of the Negative 208

9.2 Conversion of the Affirmative into the Negative 211

9.3 Conversion of the Negative into the Affirmative 213

9.4 Translation of English Questions and Answers 216

9.5 Translation of Various Kinds of Negations 220

Conclusion 251

Chapter 10 Division（拆译法） 252

10.1 Picking Out of Words 252

10.2 Picking Out of Phrases 254

10.3 Splitting of Complex Sentences 256

10.4 Splitting of the Whole Sentence 262

Conclusion 268

11.1 Condensation of Phrases and Clauses 270

Chapter 11 Condensation（缩译法） 270

11.2 Condensation of Complex Sentences into Simple Sentences 271

11.3 Condensation of Compound Sentences into Simple Sentences 273

11.4 Condensation of Two or More Simple Sentences into One Simple Sentence 273

Conclusion 276

Chapter 12 Translation of the Passive（被动式译法） 277

12.1 Features of the English Passive 277

12.2 Features of the Chinese Passive 279

12.3 Common Ways to Translate the English Passive 282

Conclusion 289

Chapter 13 Translation of Long Sentences（长句译法） 290

13.1 Features of Long English Sentences 290

13.2 Features of Chinese Equivalents to Long English Sentences 291

13.3 Common Ways to Translate Long Sentences 292

Conclusion 311

Chapter 14 Translation of Culture-loaded Expressions（文化词语译法） 313

14.1 Foreignizing Translation 313

14.2 Domesticating Translation 317

14.3 Semantic Translation 320

14.4 Three Don'ts in Translating English Idioms 322

14.5 Proper Use of Chinese Idioms in Translation 330

Conclusion 343

Chapter 15 Translation of Proper Nouns and Technical Terms（专有名词和专门术语译法） 344

15.1 Transliteration 344

15.2 Semantic Translation 349

15.3 Both Transliteration and Semantic Translation 350

15.4 Shape-related Symbol Translation with a Semantic Explanation Added at the End 351

15.5 Semantic Translation with the Original Alphabet,Abbreviation or Number at the Beginning or at the End 351

15.6 Borrowing of the Original Abbreviation 351

15.7 Coinage of New Characters 352

Conclusion 357

Appendix Table on English-Chinese Transliteration（英汉译音表） 359

References 360

Further Reading 362