第一编 汉译英与英文句型 1
壹、由要素来分的造句 1
(1)汉文易写英文难通 1
(2)动词的种类和变化 2
(3)动词与五种句型 10
(4)第一句型的自动构造 11
(5)第二句型的不完全自动构造 14
(6)第三句型的他动构造 21
(7)第四句型的授与构造 31
(8)第五句型的不完全他动构造 38
贰、由构造来分的造句 47
(1)用单句来翻译 47
(2)用合句来翻译 62
(3)用复句来翻译 68
叁、由内容来分的造句 82
(1)用平叙句来翻译 82
(2)用疑问句来翻译 90
(3)用命令句来翻译 99
(4)用感叹句来翻译 106
第二编 英文惯用法及其翻译 116
Ⅰ.It的造句 116
(1)“it......不定词” 116
(2)“it......for......不定词” 118
(3)“it......动名词” 121
(4)“it......子句” 122
(5)“it is......子句” 125
(6)“it......名词” 128
Ⅱ.名词的造句 128
(7)“all+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself=very+形容词” 128
(8)“the+单数名词”的特殊用法 129
(9)无生物的主语 131
(10)“something(much)of”,“nothing(little)of” 132
(11)属格的主格作用和宾格作用 136
(12)“名词(A)+of+a+名词(B)” 138
(13)“名词+of+属格+名词” 139
(14)“of+抽象名词”=形容词,“of从略+普通名词” 140
(15)“one's own+名词“,”of one's own+动名词” 142
(16)“have+the+抽象名词+不定词” 143
(17)“that(those)+先行词+关系代名词” 144
(18)“one thing......another” 145
Ⅲ.As的造句 146
(19)“as......as”的三种用法 146
(20)“as......as any”,“as......as ever” 147
(21)“as......as......can be” 148
(22)“as......so......” 149
(23)“It is in(or with)......as in(or with)” 150
(24)“as much”,“as many”,“like so many” 151
(25)“as good as”,“as well as” 152
(26)句首的“as it is”,句尾的“as it is” 154
(27)“过去分词+as it is”,“现在分词+as it does” 156
(28)“名词等+as+主语+动词等” 158
Ⅳ.动词的造句 159
(29)“may well+动词”,“and well+主语+may” 159
(30)“may as well......as”,“might as well......as” 161
(31)“so that......may”,“lest......should” 162
(32)“cannot help+动名词”,“cannot but+原形不定词” 164
(33)“have+宾语(物)+过去分词” 165
(34)“have+宾语(人)+原形不定词” 168
(35)“have+宾语+副词(地点,方向等)” 170
(36)“have+宾语+现在分词” 170
(37)“find oneself” 171
(38)“find......in” 173
(39)“do”的两种用法 174
(40)“depend on”的两种用法 175
(41)“know......from” 177
(42)“had better+原形不定词”,“would rather+原形不定词” 178
(43)“make......of” 180
(44)“make one's way” 181
(45)“rob......of” 183
(46)“seize......by the......” 185
(47)“see if......”,“see that......” 186
(48)“take......for granted” 188
(49)“used to+原形不定词”,“be used to+动名词” 189
(50)“be+自动词的过去分词” 193
(51)“否定+fail+不定词” 195
(52)“动词+原形不定词” 196
(53)“leave+much(nothing)+to be desired” 198
(54)“be+不定词” 199
(55)“have+不定词+宾语”,“have+宾语+不定词” 201
(56)“prevent+宾语+from+动名词” 203
(57)“persuade+宾语+into+动名词”,“dissuade+宾语+from+动名词” 205
Ⅴ.不定词的造句 206
(58)表目的、原因、结果等的不定词 206
(59)“so as+不定词”,“so......as+不定词” 209
(60)“too......+不定词”,“not too......+不定词”,“too......not+不定词” 210
(61)“only too......+不定词”,“too ready+不定词” 212
(62)不定词的感叹用法 214
(63)“not to speak of”,“not to say” 215
Ⅵ.动名词的造句 217
(64)“There is no+动名词” 217
(65)“for+the+动名词” 218
(66)“above+动名词” 219
(67)“worth+动名词” 219
(68)“far from+动名词” 222
(69)“busy+动名词” 223
(70)“on+动名词”,in+动名词” 224
Ⅶ.否定词的造句 225
(71)“no more......than” 225
(72)“no less......than” 228
(73)“not so much.....as”,“not to much as” 230
(74)“Nothing is more......than”,“Nothing is so......as” 232
(75)“cannot......too” 233
(76)“否定+without” 234
(77)“否定+but” 236
(78)“否定+until(till)” 237
(79)“not so......but”,“not such a......but” 238
(80)“not A but B”,“B,(and)not A” 239
(81)“否定+because” 240
(82)“not because......but because” 241
(83)“not that......but that” 242
(84)“否定+every(all,both,always,quite)” 244
Ⅷ.What,who的造句 246
(85)“what he is”,“what he has” 246
(86)“what+名词”,“what little+名词” 247
(87)“what with......and what with”,“what by......and what by” 248
(88)“what is+比较级” 249
(89)“A is to B what X is to Y” 250
(90)“who+肯定”,“who+否定” 251
(91)“疑问词+should......but” 252
(92)“who knows but(that)” 253
Ⅸ.条件及让步的造句 254
(93)省略if的句法 254
(94)“If it were not for(=Were it not for)+名词”,“If it had not been for(=Had it not been for)+名词”,“But for+名词”,“But that+名词子句” 256
(95)“命令句+and”,“命令句+or” 258
(96)“名词+and” 260
(97)“动词+疑问词” 261
(98)“no matter+间接疑问句”,“疑问词-ever+may” 262
(99)“动词+as+主语+助动词” 264
(100)“if any” 265
(101)“be it ever(或never)so”,“let it be ever(或never)so” 266
(102)“once” 26
(103)“were to” 268
(104)含有条件意味的字眼 270
Ⅹ.形容词副词的造句 271
(105)“the+形容词”的两种用法 271
(106)最上级形容词含有even之意 273
(107)“the+比较级......the+比较级” 274
(108)“the+比较级+理由” 276
(109)“the last......+不定词“,“the last......+形容词子句” 277
(110)“so+形容词(副词)+that”,“so+动词+that” 278
(111)“so that” 280
(112)“so much so that” 282
(113)“such......as”,“such ......that” 284
(114)“比较级+than”,“more+原级+than” 286
(115)“more......than+can” 288
(116)“more than+动词” 288
(117)“less......than” 289
(118)“much more”,“much less” 291
(119)“would sooner(rather)......than”,“would as soon......as” 292
(120)“no sooner......than”,“hardly......when” 294
(121)“anything but”,“nothing but”,“all but” 295
(122)“short of”,“be short of”,“nothing short of” 297
(123)“ever so” 298
(124)“good and的副词用法” 300
(125)“to one's+感情名词”,“to the+感情名词+of” 301
(126)“so far”,“so far as”,“so far as......is concerned” 302
(127)“and that” 305
(128)“at once......and” 306
(129)“in that” 307
(130)“It is true......but” 308
Ⅺ.其他的造句 309
(131)“one”,“as such” 309
(132)“one thing......another” 311
(133)“in+人物” 312
(134)“before的四种译法” 314
第三编 疑难句法及文章译例 315
壹、英文类似句辨异 315
贰、常易译错的文句 349
Ⅰ.中译英 349
Ⅱ.英译中 374
叁、翻译实例 402
Ⅰ.中译英 402
(1)郑变致弟书 402
(2)中国的山水画 403
(3)为学 404
(4)光与色 406
(5)敎学相长 407
(6)翻译文欠通顺 408
(7)学无所用 409
(8)画蛇添足 410
(9)嗟来食 411
(10)老与少 412
(11)雕刻奇技 414
(12)狐疑 415
(13)怕伞的姑娘 418
(14)偷窃狂 421
(15)狐假虎威 424
(16)习惯说 425
(17)黔之驴 426
(18)少年孔融的机智 428
(19)绝妙好辞 429
(20)韩信忍受袴下辱 431
Ⅱ.英译中 434
(1)Too Clever Not to See 434
(2)The Busy Broker 424
(3)Speculation on Important Subjects 435
(4)A Feeling of Eternity 436
(5)The Spirit of Fait-play 437
(6)On D.H.Lawrence 438
(7)On Books 439
(8)Arguments against Smoking 440
(9)The Definition of a Gentlemnan 441
(10)The Law of the Jungle 441
(11)Some Well-informed People 443
(12)The English Humour 444
(13)The Trouble with Translation 445
(14)Too Distinguished to be a Personality 447
(15)Schadenfreude 448
(16)Aloneness is Worse than Failure 450
(17)Being One's True Self 451
(18)Happiness Consists in Love 453
(19)The Cosy Fire of Affection 454
(20)Irrational Man 457
附录: 462
当代英美名作摘译 462
(1)William Plomer:On Not Answering the Telephone 462
(2)Louis Kronenberger:A Note on Privacy 464
(3)Lawrence George Durrel:Justine 467
(4)Lawrence George Durrel:Mount-Olive 470
(5)P.H. Newby:A Parcel for Alexandria 473
(6)Muriel Spark:The Girls of Slender Means 475
(7)J.D.Salinger:The Long Debut of Lois Taggett 477
(8)J.D.Salinger:The Catcher in the Rye 480
(9)Iris Murdoch:The Bell 482
(10)Iris Murdoch:The Flight from the Enchanter 485
(11)Truman Capotc:Breakfast at Tiffany's 487
(12)Truman Capote Breakfast at Tiffany's 490
(13)James Baldwin:Notes of a Native Son 492
(14)William Styron:Lic Down in Darkness 495
(15)William Styron:The Confessions of Nat Turner 498
(16)Stan Barstow:Gamblers Never Win 501
习题解答 505
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