大学英语四级考试语法结构强化训练 新题型PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Verb Tenses 1

1-1 Simple present 1

1-2 Present progressive 1

1-3 Verbs usually not used in any of the progressive tenses 2

1-4 Simple past and past progressive 4

1-5 Present perfect 5

1-6 Present perfect progressive 7

1-7 Past perfect and past perfect progressive 9

1-8 Simple future/going to 10

1-9 Using present progressive and simple present to express future time 11

1-10 Using be about to and be to to express future time 12

1-11 Future perfect 13

1-12 Tense sequence 14

Chapter 2 The Passive 17

2-1 Passive verbs and the by phrase 17

2-2 Using passive verbs in other cases 18

2-3 Passive verbs used as adjectives 19

2-4 Passive verbs with get 20

2-5 Using be used to and used to 21

3-1 Untrue conditional sentences referring to present or future 24

Chapter 3 The Subjunctive 24

3-2 Untrue conditional sentences referring to past 25

3-3 Using mixed time in conditional sentences 26

3-4 Using could,might,should 27

3-5 Omitting if 27

3-6 Implied conditions 28

3-7 Subjunctive in the simple form of a verb 29

3-8 Verb forms following wish 31

3-9 Verb forms following if only 32

3-11 Using as if/as though 33

3-10 Verb forms following would rather/would sooner 33

3-12 Using it s time 34

Chapter 4 Model Auxiliaries 37

4-1 Asking polite questions 37

4-2 Using would you mind 37

4-3 Expressing advisability:should,ought to,had better 38

4-4 Should and ought to with verbs in perfect forms 39

4-5 Expressing necessity:must,have to,have got to 40

4-6 Using must,have to and need in negative forms 41

4-7 Expressing possibility:may,might 42

4-8 Expressing probability:must 43

4-9 Expressing expectation:should,ought to 45

4-10 Expressing preference:would rather,would sooner,would like 46

Chapter 5 Subject-Verb Agreement 49

5-1 Basics 49

5-2 Using or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also,not...but 50

5-3 Using singular words 51

5-4 Using expressions of quantity 52

5-5 Using there be 53

5-6 Using people,police,cattle 54

5-7 Using the＋adjective 54

5-8 Some irregularities 55

5-9 Using collective nouns 56

Chapter 6 Questions 60

6-1 Yes/No questions 60

6-2 Information questions 61

6-3 Using which,what,who 61

6-4 Using how,what...like 62

6-6 Using how about,what about 64

6-5 Using how and what in exclamations 64

6-7 Using why(not)＋bare infinitive 65

6-8 Negative questions 66

6-9 Tag questions 67

Chapter 7 Gerunds and Infinitives 69

7-1 Common verbs followed by gerunds 69

7-2 Common verbs followed by infinitives 69

7-3 Common verbs followed by either gerunds or infinitives 70

7-4 Gerunds or infinitives? 71

7-5 Using gerunds with a possessive 72

7-6 Using gerunds following need,require and want 74

7-7 Special expressions followed by the -ing form of a verb 75

7-8 Using infinitives with question words 77

7-9 Using verb＋object＋infinitive 79

7-10 Using verb＋object＋adjective/noun 80

7-11 Using verbs of perception 81

7-12 Using causative verbs:let,make,have;using help 82

7-13 Using infinitives following an adjective 84

7-14 Using infinitives with too and enough 85

7-15 Using infinitives following a noun 86

7-16 Using infinitives to express purpose 87

7-17 Using perfect forms of infinitives 89

7-18 Using to to represent the whole infinitive 90

Chapter 8 Participles 92

8-1 -ing forms and -ed forms 92

8-2 Simple participles used to modify nouns 93

8-3 Participle phrases used as modifiers 93

8-4 Participle phrases used as adverbs 95

8-5 Using perfect participles 97

8-6 Using participle phrases following a conjunction 97

8-7 Special expressions used to modify the whole sentence 98

8-8 Participle phrases with their own subjects 99

8-9 Using with＋noun＋participles 100

8-10 Participle phrases following an object 101

Chapter 9 Pronouns 103

9-1 Pronoun agreement 103

9-2 Using possessive pronouns 104

9-3 Using reflexive pronouns 105

9-4 Using it as a preparatory subject 106

9-5 Using it as a preparatory object 108

9-6 Using some and any 110

9-7 Other uses of some and any 111

9-8 Using few,a few;little,a little 112

9-9 Using one and ones;that and those 113

9-10 Using other and another 114

Chapter 10 Comparisons 118

10-1 The difference between comparatives and superlatives 118

10-2 Sentences with comparatives 118

10-3 Sentences with superlatives 119

10-4 Using less and least 121

10-5 Using double comparatives;using the more...the more 122

10-6 Making comparisons with as...as 123

10-7 Using like and as 125

10-8 Using the same,similar and different;like,alike 126

Chapter 11 Adjective Clauses 128

11-1 Using relative pronouns:who,whom,which,that 128

11-2 Using whose and of which 130

11-3 Using where,when and why 131

11-4 Using non-identifying adjective clauses 132

11-5 Adjective clauses modifying the whole sentence 133

11-6 Using expressions of quantity in adjective clauses 134

11-7 Using such...as,the same...as 135

Chapter 12 Noun Clauses 138

12-1 Noun clauses beginning with that 138

12-2 Noun clauses beginning with a question word 139

12-3 Using what as a relative pronoun 140

12-4 Noun clauses beginning with whether/if 142

12-5 Noun clauses following an adjective 143

12-6 Noun clauses used as appositives 144

13-1 Parallel structures with and,but,or,nor 146

Chapter 13 Conjunctions 146

13-2 Parallel structures with paired conjunctions 147

13-3 Combining independent clauses with conjunctions 148

13-4 Using conjunctive adverbs 150

13-5 Repeating the same idea:so do...,neither/nor do 152

13-6 Showing contrast:while,whereas 153

13-7 Using on the contrary 153

13-8 Beginning a sentence with a negative word 154

Chapter 14 Adverb Clauses 157

14-1 Showing time relationship:when,while,as 157

14-2 Using after,before;since 158

14-3 Using as soon as,once 159

14-4 Using until,till;by the time(that) 160

14-5 Using hardly/scarcely...when,no sooner...than 161

14-6 Showing cause and effect:because,as,since,now(that) 162

14-7 Using as/so long as,inasmuch as 163

14-8 Using seeing(that),considering(that);in that 164

14-9 Using so...that,such...that;so that 165

14-10 Showing purpose:in order that,so that 167

14-11 Using forfear(that),lest 168

14-12 Showing condition:if,unless 169

14-13 Using provided/providing(that),as/so long as,on condition that 170

14-14 Using supposing/suppose(that),assuming(that) 171

14-15 Using in case 172

14-16 Showing unexpected result:though,although,even though/if 173

14-17 Using-ever words and no matter how,etc 174

14-18 Using whether...or 175

14-19 Using as-clause in inverted order 176

Part 179

Key 219