Chapter1: Getting Around in the Networking Services Library 1
Part1 1
How the Networking Services Library Is Structured 2
How the Networking Services Library Is Designed 3
Chapter2: What s In This Volume? 5
Winsock 6
Quality of Service 7
Chapter3: Using Microsoft Reference Resources 9
The Microsoft Developer Network 10
Comparing MSDN with MSDN Online 11
MSDN Subscriptions 13
MSDN Library Subscription 13
MSDN Universal Subscription 14
Purchasing an MSDN Subscription 14
MSDN Professional Subscription 14
Using MSDN 15
Navigating MSDN 16
Quick Tips 18
Using MSDN Online 20
Navigating MSDN Online 22
MSDN Online Features 23
MSDN Online Registered Users 29
The Windows Programming Reference Series 30
Chapter4: Finding the Developer Resources You Need 31
Developer Support 31
Online Resources 33
Internet Standards 34
Learning Products 35
Other Resources 37
Conferences 37
Chapter5: Writing Great IrDA Applications(with Winsock) 39
What Is an Ad-Hoc Networking-Enabled Application? 39
What Is IrDA? 40
What Is IrDA-C(Previously Known as IrBus)? 40
What Is Unique about IrDA? 41
IrDA Core Protocols and Services 41
Serial IrDA(SIR)Physical Layer(115Kb/s) 41
Fast IrDA(FIR)Physical Layer(4 Mb/s) 41
IrLAP Data Link Layer 42
IrLMP and TinyTP 42
IrCOMM 43
IrCOMM Modes 44
Windows 2000 Support for IrCOMM Through Winsock 45
No IrCOMM Virtual Serial Ports on Windows 2000 45
IrDA and the Windows Sockets API 46
Talking to Non-Windows Devices 46
Application Addressing 46
Data Transfer and Connection Close 47
IrDA and Winsock Reference 49
WSAStartup 49
af_irda.h 49
socket 49
SOCKADDR_IRDA Structure 50
bind 50
listen 51
accept 51
getsockopt(,,IRLMP_ENUMDEVICES,,)and connect() 52
closesocket 52
send and recv 52
IAS 54
IrCOMM Client 57
Windows 2000 IrDA Architecture 60
IrDA Hardware Drivers 60
Windows 2000 Multiple-Adapter Support 61
Part2 63
Chapter6: Winsock2 API Overview 63
Welcome to Windows Sockets 2 63
Using the Windows Sockets 2 API Document 63
Overview of Windows Sockets 2 63
Windows Sockets 2 Features 64
Socket Handles for Windows Sockets 2 65
Microsoft Extensions and the Windows Sockets 2 API 65
Conventions for New Functions 65
New Concepts, Additions, and Changes for Windows Sockets 2 66
Windows Sockets 2 Architecture 66
Simultaneous Access to Multiple Transport Protocols 66
Backward Compatibility for Windows Sockets 1.1 Applications 67
Making Transport Protocols Available to Windows Sockets 69
Layered Protocols and Protocol Chains 69
Using Multiple Protocols 70
Multiple Provider Restrictions on Select 71
Function Extension Mechanism 72
Debug and Trace Facilities 72
Name Resolution 73
Overlapped I/O and Event Objects 73
Event Objects 74
Receiving Completion Indications 75
Asynchronous Notification Using Event Objects 76
Flow Specification Quality of Service 77
QOS Templates 77
Default Values 77
Socket Groups 77
Shared Sockets 77
Enhanced Functionality During Connection Setup and Teardown 78
Extended Byte-Order Conversion Routines 79
Support for Scatter/Gather I/O in the API 79
Protocol-Independent Multicast and Multipoint 79
Summary of New Socket Options 80
Summary of New Socket Ioctl Opcodes 81
Summary of New Functions 82
Socket Data Type 85
Deviation from Berkeley Sockets 85
Windows Sockets Programming Considerations 85
Select and FD_* 86
Error Codes—errno, h_errno and WSAGetLastError 86
Pointers 87
Renamed Functions 87
Maximum Number of Sockets Supported 87
Include Files 88
Return Values on Function Failure 88
Service Provided Raw Sockets 88
Byte Ordering 89
Windows Sockets Compatibility Issues 89
Default State for a Socket s Overlapped Attribute 90
Windows Sockets 1.1 Blocking Routines and EINPROGRESS 90
Graceful Shutdown, Linger Options, and Socket Closure 92
Protocol-Independent Out-of-Band Data 93
Socket Functions 96
Summary of Windows Sockets 2 Functions 96
Microsoft Windows-Specific Extension Functions 97
Registration and Name Resolution 99
Protocol-Independent Name Resolution 100
Name Resolution Model 100
Summary of Name Resolution Functions 103
Name Resolution Data Structures 105
Compatible Name Resolution for TCP/IP in the Windows Sockets 1.1 API 108
Basic Approach for GetXbyY in the API 109
getprotobyname and getprotobynumber Functions in the API 109
getservbyname and getservbyport Functions in the API 109
gethostbyname Function in the API 110
gethostbyaddr Function in the API 110
Multipoint Taxonomy 111
gethostname Function in the API 111
Multipoint and Multicast Semantics 111
Windows Sockets 2 Interface Elements for Multipoint and Multicast 112
Attributes in WSAPROTOCOL_INFO Structure 113
Flag Bits for WSASocket 113
SIO_MULTIPOINT_LOOPBACK Command Code for WSAloctl 114
SIO_MULTICAST_SCOPE Command Code for WSAloctl 114
Semantics for Joining Multipoint Leaves 114
Using WSAJoinLeaf 115
Semantic Differences Between Multipoint Sockets and Regular Sockets 116
How Existing Multipoint Protocols Support These Extensions 117
IP Multicast 117
ATM Point to Multipoint 118
Socket Option for Windows NT 4.0 Only 119
Socket Options Specific to Microsoft Service Providers 119
Additional Windows Socket Information 119
Windows Sockets 2 API Header File—Winsock2.h 119
Socket Option for Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 95 120
Additional Documentation 121
Chapter7: Error Codes in the Winsock API 123
Error Codes 123
Chapter8: Winsock 2 Functions 133
Windows Sockets 2 Functions 133
Chapter9: Winsock 2 Structures and Enumerations 377
Windows Sockets Structures in the API 377
Windows Sockets Enumeration in the API 413
Overview of the Windows Sockets 2 SPI 415
Using the SPI Document 415
Welcome to Windows Sockets 2 SPI 415
Chapter10: Winsock 2 SPI Overview 415
Windows Sockets 2 SPI Features 416
Microsoft Extensions and the Windows Sockets 2 SPI 417
Socket Handles for the Windows Sockets 2 SPI 417
Windows Sockets 2 Architectural Overview 418
Windows Sockets 2 as a WOSA Component 418
Windows Sockets 2 DLLs 419
Function Interface Model 419
Naming Conventions 420
Windows Sockets 2 Service Providers 420
Transport Service Providers 420
Namespace Service Providers 422
Data Transport Providers 424
Transport Division of Responsibilities Between DLL and Service Providers 424
Windows Sockets 2 Identifiers 424
Transport Mapping Between API and SPI Functions 426
Function Extension Mechanism in the SPI 427
Transport Configuration and Installation 428
Name Resolution Providers 429
Name Resolution Model for the SPI 429
Name Resolution Division of Responsibilities Between DLL and Service Providers 432
Name Resolution Mapping Between API and SPI Functions 433
Name Resolution Configuration and Installation 433
Windows Sockets 2 Transport Provider Requirements 434
Service Provider Activation 434
Initialization 434
Error Reporting and Parameter Validation 436
Byte Ordering Assumptions 436
Cleanup 436
Socket Creation and Descriptor Management 437
Descriptor Allocation 437
Socket Attribute Flags and Modes 438
Closing Sockets 438
Blocking Operations 438
Pseudo vs. True Blocking 439
Blocking Hook 439
Canceling Blocking Operations 440
Event Objects in the Windows Sockets 2 SPI 440
Creating Event Objects 440
Using Event Objects 441
Destroying Event Objects 441
Notification of Network Events 441
Required Socket Grouping Behavior 442
Socket Group Operations 442
Recommended Socket Grouping Behavior 442
Windows Messages 442
Event Object Signaling 442
Selects 442
Socket Groups in the Windows Sockets 2 SPI 442
Quality of Service in the Windows Sockets 2 SPI 443
Socket Connections on Connection-Oriented Protocols 443
Binding to a Local Address 443
Protocol Basics: Listen, Connect, Accept 443
Determining Local and Remote Names 444
Enhanced Functionality at Connect Time 444
Connection Shutdown 445
Reconnecting and Disconnecting 448
Socket I/O 448
Using Sendto While Connected 448
Connecting to a Default Peer 448
Socket Connections on Connectionless Protocols 448
Blocking Input/Output 449
Nonblocking Input/Output 449
Overlapped Input/Output 449
Support for Scatter/Gather Input/Output in the SPI 453
Out-of-Band Data in the SPI 453
Shared Sockets in the SPI 455
Multiple Handles to a Single Socket 456
Reference Counting 456
Precedence Guidelines 457
Protocol-Independent Multicast and Multipoint in the SPI 457
Multipoint Taxonomy and Glossary 458
Multipoint Socket Attributes 459
Multipoint Attributes in the WSAPROTOCOL_INFOW Structure 459
SIO_MULTICAST_SCOPE Ioctl 460
SPI Semantics for Joining Multipoint Leaves 460
SIO_MULTIPOINT_LOOPBACK Ioctl 460
Using WSP JoinLeaf 461
Semantic Differences Between Multipoint Sockets and Regular Sockets in the SPI 462
Socket Options and IOCTLs 463
Summary of Socket Ioctl Opcodes 465
Summary of SPI Functions 466
Generic Data Transport Functions 466
Upcalls Exposed by Windows Sockets 2 DLL 468
Installation and Configuration Functions 471
Name Resolution Service Provider Requirements 471
Summary of Namespace Provider Functions 471
Service Installation in the Windows Sockets 2 SPI 472
Namespace Provider Configuration and Installation 472
Namespace Provider Initialization and Cleanup 472
Service Query 473
Helper Functions in the SPI 473
Name Resolution Data Structures in the SPI 474
Compatible Name Resolution for TCP/IP in the Windows Sockets 1.1 SPI 477
Basic Approach for getXbyY in the SPI 478
getprotobyname and getprotobynumber Functions in the SPI 478
getservbyname and getservbyport Functions in the SPI 478
gethostbyname Function in the SPI 479
gethostbyaddr Function in the SPI 479
gethostname Function in the SPI 480
Sample Code for a Service Provider 480
Service Provider Ordering 495
Additional Windows Sockets 2 SPI Concerns 495
Windows Sockets SPI Header File-Ws2spi.h 496
Chapter11: Winsock 2 SPI Reference 497
Winsock 2 SPI Reference 497
Chapter12: Winsock 2 Protocol-Specific Annex 657
Using the Annex 657
Overview of Windows Sockets 2 657
Microsoft Extensions and Windows Sockets 2 658
Socket Handles for Windows Sockets 2 658
TCP/IP 658
TCP/IP Introduction 658
TCP/IP Overview 659
TCP/IP Data Structures 659
TCP/IP Socket Options 660
UNIX Ioctls 660
TCP/IP Controls 660
TCP/IP Function Details 663
Multicast 663
TCP/IP Raw Sockets 663
IPv6 Support 664
Text Representation of IPv6 Addresses 665
TCP/IP Header File 666
IPX/SPX 666
IPX/SPX Introduction 666
IPX/SPX Overview 666
AF_IPX Address Family 667
IPX Family of Protocol Identifiers 667
All Routes Broadcast 668
Directed Broadcast 668
Broadcast to Local Network 668
About Media Packet Size 669
How Packet Size Affects Protocols 669
IPX/SPX Data Structures 670
IPX/SPX Controls 674
NSPROTO_IPX Socket Options 675
DECnet 676
DECnet Overview 676
DNPROTO_NSP Protocol Family 677
AF_DECnet Address Families 677
Manifest Constants(Winsock2.h) 678
Data Structures(Ws2dnet.h) 678
Manifest Constants(Ws2dnet.h) 678
DECnet Data Structures 678
SOCK_SEQPACKET Socket Type 678
DECnet Function Details 680
Connections Using Accept/WSAAccept/WSPAccept 680
Structure Information for Bind/WSPBind 682
Connections Using Connect/WSAConnect/WSPConnect 682
Addressing with GetPeerName/WSPGetPeerName 684
Receiving Local Name With getsockname/WSPGetSockName 684
Using Getsockopt/WSPGetSockOpt 685
Using Socket/WSASocket/WSPSocket 686
DECnet Out-of-Band Data 686
DECnet-Specific Extended Functions Identifiers 686
dnet_addr 687
dnet_eof 687
dnet_htoa 688
dnet_getalias 688
dnet_getacc 688
dnet_ntoa 689
getnodeadd 689
getnodebyaddr 689
getnodebyname 690
getnodename 690
DECnet Header File 691
Open Systems Interconnection(OSI) 691
OSI Introduction 691
International Organization for Standardization(IOS) 691
ISO Reset 692
OSI Quality of Service 692
Option Profiles 692
ISO Qualified Data 692
OSI Expedited Data 692
Address Format 693
OSI Data Structures 693
OSI Controls 693
loctls 694
Socket Options 694
OSI Function Specifics 695
Quality of Service 695
OSI Header File 695
ATM-Specific Extensions 695
ATM Introduction 695
ATM Overview 696
ATM Data Structures 696
Using the ATM_ADDRESS Structure 698
ATM_BLLI Structure and Associated Manifest Constants 699
ATM Controls 701
ATM-BHLI Structure and Associated Manifest Constants 701
ATM Function Specifics 702
ATM-Specific Quality of Service Extension 702
AAL Parameters 703
ATM Traffic Descriptor 704
Broadband Bearer Capability 705
Broadband High Layer Information 706
Broadband Lower Layer Information 706
Called Party Number 707
Called Party Subaddress 707
Calling Party Number 707
Transit Network Selection 708
Quality of Service Parameter 708
Calling Party Subaddress 708
Cause 709
ATM Header File 711
Other Windows Sockets 2 Considerations 711
Secure Sockets Layer(SSL) 711
RSVP 711
Chapter13: QOS Overview 713
QOS Documentation Structure 713
Determining Which Discussion Is for You 714
Additional Information on QOS 715
About Quality of Service 715
Introduction to QOS 715
Windows 2000 Quality of Service Defined 716
What QOS Solves 716
Quality of Service Defined 716
How Windows 2000 QOS Works 718
Windows 98 QOS Notes 718
QOS Header Files 720
QOS Components 720
Application-Driven QOS Components 721
Network-Driven QOS Components 724
Policy-Driven QOS Components 726
RSVP and QOS 729
Chapter14: QOS Programming 731
Basic QOS Operations 731
QOS-Enabling Your Application 731
Opening a QOS-Enabled Socket 732
Invoking the RSVP SP 732
Providing the RSVP SP with QOS-specific Parameters 733
Receiving QOS-Enabled Data 734
Sending QOS-Enabled Data 735
Closing the QOS Connection 736
QOS Templates 736
Enumerating Available QOS Templates 737
Applying a QOS Template 737
Installing a QOS Template 738
Removing a QOS Template 738
Built-in QOS Templates 738
RSVP SP Error Codes 739
Error Codes 739
Error Values 740
Service Types 749
CONTROLLED LOAD 750
GUARANTEED 750
Primary Service Types 750
BEST EFFORT 750
QUALITATIVE 751
Secondary Service Types 751
SERVICETYPE_NOTRAFFIC 751
SERVICETYPE_GENERAL_INFORMATION 752
SERVICETYPE_NOCHANGE 752
SERVICE_NO_TRAFFIC_CONTROL 752
SERVICE_NO_QOS_SIGNALING 753
Using Service Types 753
Directional Implications of Service Types 753
Examples of Setting the Service Type 754
Use of the ProviderSpecific Buffer as a Receiver 755
Use of the ProviderSpecific Buffer as a Sender 755
Structure of the ProviderSpecific Buffer 755
Using the ProviderSpecific Buffer 755
Understanding Traffic Control 756
How the RSVP SP Invokes TC 756
Using SIO-CHK-QOS 757
Disabling Traffic Control 758
QOS Events 758
Listening for FD_QOS Events 759
Using WSAEventSelect or WSAAsyncSelect 759
Using Overlapped WSAloctl(SIO_GET_QOS) 759
QOS Event Codes 760
RSVP SP and RSVP 761
Basic RSVP Operations 761
Invoking RSVP 761
Confirming RSVP Reservations 762
Using the RSVP_RESERVE_INFO Object 762
Disabling RSVP Signaling 763
RSVP Reservation Styles 763
Base RSVP Reservation Styles 763
Default RSVP Filter Style Settings 764
Overriding Default RSVP Filter Style Settings 765
Mapping RSVP SP Parameters to RSVP 766
RSVP PATH and RESV Messages 767
Tspec, FlowSpec, and Adspec 769
Mapping QOS Call Sequences to RSVP 771
Sending Applications 771
Receiving Applications 775
Receiver Reservation Semantics 778
Using WSAConnect to Join Unicast RSVP Sessions 778
Using WSAJoinLeaf to Join Multicast RSVP Sessions 780
Using WSAloctl(SIO_SET_QOS)During RSVP Sessions 781
Use of Sendto and WSASendTo by Multicast Senders 781
Chapter15: QOS API Reference 783
QOS Functions 783
QOS Structures 791
QOS Objects 798
Chapter16: Traffic Control API Reference 807
Traffic Control Functions 807
Entry Points Exposed by Clients of the Traffic Control Interface 829
Traffic Control Structures 834
Traffic Control Objects 855
Chapter17: Local Policy Module API Reference 859
LPM Functions 859
LPM Structures 875
Part3 879
Index: Networking Services Programming Elements-Alphabetical Listing 879