PART ONE FUNDAMENTALS：Basic Writing 3
Chapter 1：Awareness，Correction，and Appropriateness 3
Ⅰ.Spelling 3
Ⅱ.Punctuation 4
Ⅲ.Vocabulary 5
1.Choosing Words 6
2.Basic Rules of Diction 10
Ⅳ.Style and Appropriateness 14
Chapter 2：Writing Sentences 17
Ⅰ.Types of Sentences 17
1.Simple Sentences 17
2.Compound Sentences 18
3.Complex Sentences 19
4.Compound-Complex Sentences 21
Ⅱ.Qualities of Good Sentences 21
1.Unity 21
2.Coherence 22
3.Conciseness 23
4.Emphasis 24
Ⅲ.Coordination and Subordination 26
1.Coordination 26
2.Subordination 27
Ⅳ.Parallelism 31
Ⅴ.Variety 34
1.Misused Parts of Speech，and Faulty Word Order 36
Ⅵ.Main Mistakes in Grammar by Students 36
2.Sentence Fragments 37
3.Run-on Sentences 39
4.Comma Splice 40
5.？ Misplaced Modifiers 41
6.？ 43
7.？in Agreement and Reference 44
Chapter 3：Writing Paragraphs 47
？ 47
？ 49
？ 52
？ Coherence 52
？ 53
？ 55
？ 56
？ Techniques 58
？ a Paragraph 58
2.Exemplification 59
3.Generalization 60
4.Chronological and Process Description 62
5.Spatial Description 63
6.Comparison and Contrast 64
7.Cause and Effect 66
8.Definition 67
9.Classification 68
10.Combined Techniques of Paragraph Development 70
Chapter 4：Writing Essays 72
Ⅰ.Essay Development by Various Techniques 72
Ⅱ.What is an Essay or Composition？ 73
Ⅲ.Steps in Writing an Essay 77
Ⅳ.Types of Writing 79
1.Description 79
2.Narration 82
3.Exposition 83
4.Argumentation 86
Chapter 5：Writing Summaries 89
Ⅰ.Some Techniques for Writing a Summary 89
Ⅱ.Paragraph Summaries(Model and Exercise) 90
Ⅲ.Passage Summaries(Model and Exercise) 92
Chapter 6：Using Figurative Language 97
Ⅰ.Literal and Figurative Language 97
Ⅱ.Using Figures of Speech 98
1.Figures Based on Resemblance in Image 98
2.Figures Based on Association and Contrast 100
3.Figures Based on Other Relations 102
4.Figures Based on Similarity in Sound 105
Ⅲ.Mistakes in the Use of Some Figures 106
Ⅳ.Review of the U？ Figurative Language(Exerc？es) 107
PART TWO VARIETIES：Practical Writing 113
Chapter 7：The Ways of Writing English Letters，and Personal Letters 113
Ⅰ.The Ways of Writing English Letters 113
1.The Form of the Letter 113
2.Opening and Concluding Sentences in English Letters 116
3 The Envelope 117
Ⅱ.Personal Letters 120
1 Writing Personal Letters 120
2.Examples of Personal Letters 121
3.Love Letters 123
Ⅰ.Formal and Informal Letters 127
Chapter 8：Social Letters 127
1.Formal Letters 128
2.Informal Letters 130
3.More Examples of Social Letters 130
Ⅱ.Other Types of Social Letters 135
1.Letters of Introduction 135
2.Letters of Recommendation 136
3.Letters of Application 138
Ⅲ.Cards 141
1.Visiting Card 141
2.New Year Card and Christmas Card 142
3.Birthday Card 143
4.Card with Accompanying Gift 144
Chapter 9：Business Letters 147
Ⅰ.General Requirements for Writing Effective Business Letters 147
Ⅱ.The Various Parts of the Business Letter 154
1.Letterhead 154
2.Inside Address 155
3.Salutation 156
4.Subject 157
5.Body of the Letter 157
6.Complimentary Close 158
7.Signature 158
9.Enclosure 159
8.Initials 159
10.Carbon Copy 160
11.Postscript 160
Ⅲ.Examples of General Business Letters 162
1.Seeking to Estabrish Business Relations 162
2.Inquiry 163
3.Offer 164
4.Counter-Offer 165
5.Order，Acceptance and Confirmation 166
6.Payment and Demand Payment 167
7.Complaint and Claim 168
8.Miscellaneous Examples 170
2.Marriage License 176
1.Schooling Certificate 176
Chapter 10：Official Writing 176
Ⅰ.Certificates 176
3.Doctor's Certificate 177
4.Graduation Certificate 177
5.Certificate for the Degree of Master 177
Ⅱ.Ordinary Official Documents 178
1.Contract 178
2.Memorandum 183
3.Meeting Minutes 184
Ⅰ.Telegrams 188
1.Writing the Telegraphese 188
Chapter 11：Telegrams and Telexes 188
2.Examples 191
3.Deciphering the Exemplary Telegrams in 2 191
Ⅱ.Telexes 192
1.Composing Telexes 192
2.The Procedure for Writing a Telex.and Examples 194
Chapter 12：Bills and Forms 197
Ⅰ.I.O.U and Receipt Forms 197
Ⅱ.Forms 198
1.Common Terms on Forms 198
2.The Résumé 199
3.Letters of Application with Résumés 200
4.International Student Application for Admission 202
5.Visa Application Form 204
Chapter 13：Notes 212
Ⅰ.Written Request for Leave 212
1.Asking for Sick Leave 212
2.Asking for Business Leave 213
3.Asking for an Extension of Leave 213
Ⅱ.Notes Left 214
1.Transmitting a Telephone Message 214
4.Asking a Doctor to Come 215
3.Entrusting Someone to Do Something 215
2.Informing of a Postponed Meeting 215
5.Message to One Who Is Out 216
6.Message with Tickets'Presentation 216
7.Asking to Return the Books 216
8.Notes on the Visitor's Board 216
Chapter 14：Posters and Notices 220
Ⅰ.Posters 220
1.Football Match 220
2.Basketball Match 220
5.Lecture 221
6.Karaoke Contest 221
3.Film News 221
4.This Week's Film 221
Ⅱ.Notices：short written/printed statements of information to the public 222
1.Lost 222
2.Found 222
3.Acknowledgements 223
4.Contributions Wanted 223
5.Notice Soliciting Opinions from the Readers 224
6.Corrections 224
7.Others 224
1.Meeting Notice 225
2.Notice of a Visit 225
Ⅲ.Notice：warning or information about something to happen 225
3.Notice of Appointment 226
4.Notice of Dismissal 226
5.Proclamation of Election Results 226
6.Public Notice 226
Chapter 15：Brand，Advertisement and Directions 229
Ⅰ.Brand 229
Ⅱ.Advertisement 230
Ⅲ.Directions 232
Appendix 1：HANDWRITING AND FIGURES 237
Appendix 2：PUNCTUATION AND CAPITAL LETTERS 239
Appendix 3：CORRECTION SYMBOLS 242
GLOSSARY 243
SUGGESTED KEY TO THE EXERCISES 250