CONTENTS 1
1．Terminology 1
2．Translators 5
3．Assembly Languages 8
4．Compilers 11
5．Interpreters 15
6．Testing Programs at the Console 18
7．Optimization 22
8．Levels of Integrated-circuit Complexity 26
9．Large-scale Integration Examples 29
10．Semiconductor and Plated-wire Memories 33
11．Vector Supercomputers 37
12．Microprogramming and its Definition 41
13．Lsi and Microprogramming 46
14．Micro-miniaturization a Dialogue 50
15．The Invisible Computer 54
16．Hierarchy of Programming Languages 59
17．Translation among Programming Languages 62
18．Universal Processors 67
19．The Concept of Fault-tolerant Computing 71
20．Mass Storage—future Trends 74
21．Development of the Stored Program Concept 78
22．The Virtual Storage 83
23．The Virtual Machine 87
24．On-line Real-time Systems 91
25．Operator Precedence 96
26．Parsing 100
27．Errors—detection and Correction 105
28．Time Sharing 109
29．Optical Character Recognition 115
30．Achieving a Fast Data-transfer Rate by Optimizing Existing Technology 121