Chapter 1：Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the study 1
1.1.1 Significance of the study 1
1.1.2 Involvement of Bai andNaxi dwellings in tourism 5
1.1.3 Booming of guesthouse business 11
1.1.4 Commercialization of vernacular tradition 13
1.2 Statement of conceptual framework 15
1.2.1 Research question 15
1.2.2 Key concept and Conceptual framework 16
1.3 Structure of the thesis 23
Chapter 2：Literature Review 26
2.1 Studies of vernacular architecture from an anthropological perspective 27
2.2 Studies of vernacular architecture from an architectural perspective 28
2.2.1 Definition of vernacular architecture 29
2.2.2 Understanding of vernacular architecture 30
2.2.3 Understanding of transmission of vemacular tradition 33
2.2.4 Challenge of vernacular architecture in the twenty-first century 41
2.3 Tourism development and vernacular architecture 43
2.3.1 Definition of tourism 43
2.3.2 Types of tourism 44
2.3.3 Influence of tourism on vernacular built environment 46
2.4 T heoretical gap and location 53
Chapter 3：Methodology 55
3.1 Research design 55
3.1.1 Methodology paradigm 55
3.1.2 Research methods 56
3.2 Boundaries of the study 58
3.2.1 Bai and Naxi courtyard dwelling 58
3.2.2 Geographical boundary of the study 65
3.2.3 Settlements and dwellings in Dali and Lijiang 65
3.2.4 Reasons for choice 66
3.2.5 Guesthouse cases 67
3.3 Fieldwork and data collection 82
3.3.1 Circle of investigation 82
3.3.2 Ethical issues 91
3.3.3 Other problems in the field study 92
3.4 Data analysis 92
3.4.1 Template analysis of textual data 92
3.4.2 Creating the initial template 94
3.4.3 Revising the template 97
3.5 Developing theory 101
Chapter 4：Transition in authority and control 103
4.1 Authority and control on a government level 103
4.1.1 Local planning,rules and restrictions 103
4.2 Authority and control on a community level 111
4.2.1 Varying degrees of authority 112
4.3 Influence of tourism on authority and control 125
Chapter 5：Transition in user-builder connection 127
5.1 Original users and builders of the 30 dwellings in case study 127
5.2 Current users and builders of the 30 guesthouses in case study 130
5.3 New connections between users and builders 132
5.3.1 Mutual dependence between local and outside households 132
5.3.2 Mutual trust and respect between tenants and landlords 139
5.3.3 Constant communication between hosts and tourists 142
5.3.4 Collaboration between local and outside craftsmen 146
5.4 Influence of tourism on user-builder connection 148
Chapter 6：Transition in craftsmen's role and apprenticeship system 150
6.1 Transition in localcraftsmen's role 150
6.1.1 Original role of craftsmen 150
6.1.2 Roles of craftsmen in construction of a guesthouse 154
6.1.3 Influence of tourism on the role of local craftsmen 158
6.2 Transition in apprenticeship system 160
6.2.1 Original local apprenticeships 160
6.2.2 Transition in apprenticeship system in tourism development 161
6.2.3 Influence of tourism on apprenticeship system 167
Chapter 7：Transition in open-ended design 168
7.1 Transition in open-ended design process 168
7.1.1 Original local designprocess 168
7.2 Characteristics of design process of a guesthouse 173
7.2.1 The main designer 173
7.2.2 Independence from professional designers 175
7.2.3 On-site design 177
7.2.4 Culturally associated design 179
7.2.5 Expression of cultural identity 186
7.2.6 Distortion of local cultural elements 187
7.3 Influence of tourism on design process 189
7.4 Case of vernacular dwelling developed by a real estate develop company 191
Chapter 8：Discussion and Conclusion 196
8.1 Answer to research question：how tourism influences sustaining of vernacular architectural tradition 196
8.1.1 Tourism reinforces foundation for transmission 197
8.1.2 Tourism extends channels for transmission 199
8.1.3 Tourism revitalizes education system for training and learning 203
8.1.4 Tourism maintains appropriate manner of updating 205
8.1.5 Influence of tourism on the transmission mechanism 207
8.2 New understanding of sustaining tradition 209
8.2.1 Sustaining is determined by construction pattern 210
8.2.2 Sustaining depends on grass-roots social level 213
8.2.3 Sustaining depends on living socio-cultural interaction 215
8.2.4 Summary 217
8.2.5 Suggestions for policy makers and professionals 218
8.3 Limits of the study 221
8.4 Further investigation 222
Bibliography 225
Dedications and Acknowledgements 242