1 Computing and Computers 1
1．1 The Nature of Computing 1
1．2 The Evolution Of Computers 12
1．3 The VLSI Era 35
1．4 Summary 56
1．5 Problems 57
1．6 References 62
2 Design Methodology 64
2．1 System Design 64
2．2 The Register Level 83
2．3 The Processor Level 114
2．4 Summary 126
2．5 Problems 127
2．6 References 136
3 Processor Basics 137
3．1 CPU Organization 137
3．2 Data Representation 160
3．3 Instruction Sets 178
3．4 Summary 211
3．5 Problems 212
3．6 References 221
4 Datapath Design 223
4．1 Fixed-Point Arithmetic 223
4．2 Arithmetic-Logic Units 252
4．3 Advanced Topics 266
4．4 Summary 292
4．5 Problems 293
4．6 References 301
5 Control Design 303
5．1 Basic Concepts 303
5．2 Microprogrammed Control 332
5．3 Pipeline Control 364
5．4 Summary 390
5．5 Problems 392
5．6 References 399
6 Memory Organization 400
6．1 Memory Technology 400
6．2 Memory Systems 426
6．3 Caches 452
6．4 Summary 471
6．5 Problems 472
6．6 References 478
7 System Organization 480
7．1 Communication Methods 480
7．2 IO And System Control 504
7．3 Parallel Processing 539
7．4 Summary 578
7．5 Problems 579
7．6 References 587
Index 589