Lesson 1 Use of Words 1
1．Types of Words 1
2．Use of Proper Words in Proper Places 4
3．Further Tips for the Choice of Words 7
4．Formation of English Words 12
Exercises 14
Lesson 2 Sentence Making 18
1．Basic Elements of a Sentence 18
2．Types of Sentences 18
3．Effective Sentences 23
Exercises 30
Lesson 3 Effective Sentence Writing 34
1．Coordination 34
2．Subordination 39
3．Variation of Sentence Patterns 42
Exercises 45
Lesson 4 Major Elements of a Good Paragraph 50
1．Unity 50
2．Coherence 53
3．Focus 60
4．Completeness 62
5.Brevity 65
Exercises 67
Lesson 5 Paragraph Structure and Type 72
1.Three Parts of a Paragraph 72
2.Types of Paragraph 82
Exercises 90
Lesson 6 Paragraph Development 96
1.Planning a Paragraph 96
2.Developing a Paragraph by Time 98
3. Developing a Paragraph by Space 100
4. Developing a Paragraph by Process 103
5. Developing a Paragraph by Citing Statistics 105
6. Developing a Paragraph by Comparison and Contrast 106
7. Developing a Paragraph by Exemplification 108
8. Developing a Paragraph by Cause and Effect 110
9. Developing a Paragraph by Definition 112
10. Developing a Paragraph by Classification 114
Exercises 115
Lesson 7 Basic Steps of Writing an Essay 121
1.Getting Started and Selecting a Topic 121
2.Narrowing Down the Topic and Writing a Thesis Statement 122
3.Outlining 123
4.Writing the First Draft 126
5.Revising and Editing 130
Exercises 132
Lesson 8 Narration 134
1.Definition 134
3.Types of Narration 135
2.Basic Elements of Narration 135
4.Tips for Narrative Writing 139
Exercises 145
Lesson 9 Description 148
1.Definition 148
2.Basic Elements of Description 148
3.Basic Types of Description 149
4.Tips for Writing Descriptions 155
Exercises 161
Lesson 10 Exposition（Ⅰ）-Definition 163
1.Definition of Exposition 163
2.Basic Elements of Exposition 163
3.Types of Techniques Used in Expository Writing 164
4.Types of Definition 164
Exercises 172
Lesson 11 Exposition（Ⅱ）-Classification and Division 175
1.Definition of Classification and Division 175
3.Principles of Classification and Division 179
2.Basic Elements of Classification and Division 179
Exercises 186
Lesson 12 Exposition（Ⅲ）-Illustration 188
1.Definition 188
2.Types of Illustration 188
3.Basic Elements of Illustration 192
4.Tips for Using Illustration 193
Exercises 198
2.Purpose of Writing Comparison and Contrast 200
Lesson 13 Exposition（Ⅳ）-Comparison and Contrast 200
1.Definition 200
3.Pattern of Comparison and Contrast 201
4.Tips for Writing Comparison and Contrast 204
Exercises 208
Lesson 14 Exposition（Ⅴ）-Cause and Effect 210
1.Definition 210
2.Basic Types of Cause-and-effect Pattern 211
3.Tips for Writing Cause-and-effect Essay 213
Exercises 216
Lesson 15 Argumentation 219
1.Definition 219
2.Basic Elements of Argumentation 219
3.Principles of Argumentative Writing 220
4.How to Organise an Argument 220
Exercises 229
1.Greetings and Formal Invitations 233
Lesson 16 Practical Writing（Ⅰ）-Greetings,Formal Invitations and Personal Letters 233
2.Personal Letters 236
Exercises 248
Lesson 17 Practical Writing（Ⅱ）-Notes,Letters of Application and Resumé 250
1.Notes 250
2.Letters of Application 255
3.Résumé 259
Exercises 263
3.Elements of a Good Summary 265
2.Purpose of Summary 265
Lesson 18 Summary Writing 265
1.Definition 265
4.Basic Steps of Writing a Summary 266
Exercises 274
Lesson 19 Figures of Speech 278
1.Simile 278
2.Metaphor 279
3.Personification 279
4.Metonymy 279
5.Hyperbole 280
6.Understatement 280
7.Euphemism 281
8.Irony 281
9.Alliteration 281
10.Synecdoche 282
11.Onomatopoeia 282
13.Parallelism 283
12.Antithesis 283
14.Oxymoron 284
15.Pun 284
Exercises 285
Lesson 20 Punctuation 287
1.Comma 287
2.Period 289
3.Semicolon 289
4.Colon 290
5.Quotation Marks 291
6.Question Mark 292
7.Exclamation Mark 293
8.Parentheses and Brackets 293
9.Dash 293
10.Italics and Underlining 294
Exercises 295