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Contents 1
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1 Basic Concepts,Network Operation,and Cabling 1
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Internetworking Overview 2
Core 2
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Access 3
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Distribution 3
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OSI Structure and Definitions 4
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Application 6
The Seven OSI Layers 6
Presentation 7
Session 7
Transport 7
Network 9
Data Link 10
Physical 12
Ethernet and Other Media Types 12
Full/Half Duplex 13
10/100/1000 Mbps 15
Network Devices and Relation Within the Networking Model 15
Connecting to the Cisco Device 18
Cabling the LAN and WAN 18
Cabling the LAN 19
Cabling the WAN 20
CHECKPOINT 21
Review Questions 22
Review Answers 24
2 Introduction to the Cisco Internetwork Operating System 27
Introduction to the Cisco Command Line Interface 28
CLI Modes 28
The Boot Process of the Cisco Router/Switch 31
How the Router/Switch Boots by Default 31
Booting When There Is No Saved Configuration 34
Changing the Configuration Register to Modify Boot Behavior 36
Register Values Displayed in Hex 37
Components Used During Boot 39
Configuring Boot System Commands 40
Configuration Using the CLI 41
Global Configuration Mode 42
Interface Configuration Mode 42
Abbreviating Commands 44
Symbols in the IOS 46
Line Configuration Mode 47
Setting Passwords 48
Initiating,Suspending,and Ending Telnet Sessions 50
Using ping and traceroute to Check for Connectivity 52
Backup and Restoration of the IOS and Configurations 53
Saving,Backing Up,and Restoring Configuration Files 54
CHECKPOINT 58
Review Questions 59
Review Answers 61
3 Managing and Updating Cisco Devices 63
Introduction to Cisco Discovery Protocol 64
CDP Frame Format 65
CDP Operation 66
Using CDP to Build a Topology Map 69
Displaying Specific CDP Entries 71
Updating the IOS and Modifying the Configuration Register 73
Error During Upgrade 74
Booting from Another Device 76
Changing Configuration Register 78
Using ROM Monitor to Change the Register 78
Using the config-register Command to Change the Register 80
Backup Strategies 81
CHECKPOINT 82
Review Questions 83
Review Answers 85
4 Catalyst 1900 Switch Operations 87
Three Functions of a Transparent Bridge 88
Learning 88
Forwarding and Filtering 90
Avoiding Loops 92
Spanning Tree Protocol 94
The Root Bridge 94
Which Ports to Block 96
Step 1:Determine the Root Bridge 99
Step 2:Determine the Designated Bridges 99
Step 3:Determine the Root Ports 102
Step 4:Determine Which Ports Will Be Forwarding 103
Step 5:Determine Which Ports Will Be Blocking 104
Spanning Tree Port States 105
The Difference Between a Switch and a Bridge 106
Cut-Through 107
Store-and-Forward 107
Frame Forwarding Methods of the Catalyst 1900 Switch 107
Understanding Cisco IOS Device Operation 108
Fragment-Free 108
The Cisco Catalyst 1900 Series of Switches 108
Different Methods of Configuring a Cisco 1900 Switch 110
The Catalyst 1900 LEDs 110
Starting a Catalyst 1900 112
Connecting to and Configuring the Catalyst 1900 112
Using the Command Line Interface and Configuration Modes 113
Viewing Switch Parameters 115
Configuring the Switch from the Command Line 119
CHECKPOINT 121
Review Questions 122
Review Answers 124
5 Virtual LoCal Area Networks(VLANs) 127
Virtual Local Area Networks(VLANs) 128
Static VLANs 130
Dynamic VLANs 131
TrunKing 131
Cisco's Inter-Switch Link(ISL) 133
VLAN Trunking Protocol(VTP) 136
VTP Modes 139
VTP Pruning 140
Creating and Configuring VLANs on a Catalyst 1900 141
Creating the VTP Domain 141
Creating VLANs 143
Assigning Ports to a VLAN 145
Configuring Trunking 148
Viewing Spanning Tree Protocol Parameters and Settings 149
Review Questions 151
CHECKPOINT 151
Review Answers 153
6 Overview of the TCP/IP Protocol Stack 155
Introduction to the Protocol Stack 156
The DARPA Model 156
The Application Layer 157
The DARPA Transport Layer 158
Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) 159
The Sequence and Acknowledgment Fields 159
Port Numbers 163
The Three-Way Handshake 164
TCP Windowing 165
The User Datagram Protocol(UDP) 166
The IP Datagram 168
The DARPA Internet Layer 168
The Internet Protocol(IP) 168
The Address Resolution Protocol(ARP) 170
Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP) 171
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol(RARP) 171
The IP Address 173
IP Addressing 173
IP Address Classification 175
The Three Fields of IP Addresses 177
The Subnet Mask 181
Subnetting 181
Complex Subnet Masking 183
Recognizing IP Addresses and Subnets 186
The Local Broadcast 187
Broadcasts 187
The Directed Broadcast 187
Assigning IP Addresses to Router Interfaces 188
Configuring Cisco Devices to Use IP 188
The/Notation 191
Connecting a Cisco Router to a Catalyst Switch 192
Configuring the Router for Inter-VLAN Routing 192
Configuring Hostnames on a Cisco IOS Device 194
Using Hostnames with a Cisco IOS Device 194
Working with DNS Servers 195
The ip domain-lookup Command 196
Viewing the Hostname to IP Address Translations 197
CHECKPOINT 198
Review Questions 199
Review Answers 201
7 Basic IP Routing Protocols 203
Configuring Static Routes 204
Static Routes 204
The Default Route 207
Dynamic Routes 208
Link State and Distance Vector 209
Routing Metrics 210
Autonomous System 210
Administrative Distance 212
The Distance Vector Algorithm 215
Distance Vector and Link State Routing 215
Routing Loops 217
Solutions for Routing Loops 219
Defining a Maximum Metric 220
Holddown Timers 221
Split Horizon 221
Triggered Updates 222
Route Poisoning 222
Link State Routing Protocols 222
Configuring RIP 224
Routing Information Protocol(RIP) 224
The show ip route Command 226
Verifying RIP 226
The show ip protocols Command 227
When a Network Goes Down 228
RIP Load Balancing 230
The debug iP rip Command 231
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol(IGRP) 232
The Composite Metric 232
Configuring IGRP 233
Verifying IGRP 234
Debug IP IGRP Events and Transactions 237
Load Balancing with IGRP 239
IP Classless 240
CHECKPOINT 242
Review Questions 243
Review Answers 245
8 IP Access Lists 247
Rules of the Road 248
Access List Introduction and Operation 248
Uses for Access Lists 249
Access List Structure and Operation 251
Access List Processing 252
How Access Lists Work 253
Standard IP Access Lists 256
Creating a Standard IP Access List 256
Applying the Standard IP Access List to a Router Interface 259
Verifying the Operation of a Standard IP Access List 261
Create an Access List to Block Traffic from a Single Host Address 264
Creating an Extended IP Access List that Blocks Web Access from a Specific Subnet 267
Creating an Extended IP Access List 267
Extended IP Access Lists 267
Applying the Extended IP Access List to a Router Interface 270
Verifying the Operation of an Extended IP Access List 270
Telnet Access from a Single Host Address 272
Creating an Extended IP Access List that Blocks 272
Named IP Access Lists 274
Creating a Named IP Access List 274
The access-class Command and Router VTY Access 275
Creating and Applying the access-class Command 276
CHECKPOINT 277
Review Questions 278
Review Answers 280
9 Configuring Cisco IOS Devices for IPX 283
Novell's Network Operating System 284
Client/Server Operations 284
Novell's IPX 285
Packet Encapsulation 286
Ethernet Version 2 Frames 287
Ethernet RAW or Novell-Ether 287
The IEEE 802.3/802.2 Header 288
Ethernet SNAP 289
Other Media Types 289
Connecting to the Server 291
What If There Is No Local Server? 291
Connecting to Resources 292
Sequenced Packet Exchange 293
Service Advertising Protocol 293
NetWare Core Protocol 293
IPX RIP 294
Novell's IPX and Cisco IOS Devices 294
Configuring the Router for IPX Routing 295
IPX Documentation 295
Configuring IPX and IPX RIP 295
Configuring the Router Interfaces 296
Example Configuration 297
Verifying IPX Addresses 300
Verifying IPX Routing 301
Restricting IPX Traffic with Access Lists 304
Testing Connectivity 304
Standard IPX Access Lists 304
Extended IPX Access Lists 305
IPX SAP Filters 306
An Example SAP Filter 307
Review Questions 309
CHECKPOINT 309
Review Answers 311
10 Serial Point-to-Point Connections 313
How WANs Are Different from LANs 314
Overview of WAN Connectivity 314
HDLC and Synchronous Serial Connections 319
Dialup Using Point-to-Point Protocol 320
LCP and NCP 320
CHAP Authentication 322
PAP Authentication 322
PPP Negotiation 322
Configuring Serial Connections Using HDLC and PPP 323
Configuring HDLC 324
Configuring PPP 325
CHECKPOINT 328
Review Questions 329
Review Answers 331
11 ISDN BRI Connections 333
The Importance of ISDN 334
ISDN Channels 335
Terminology,Reference Points,and Cabling 336
Reference Points and Devices Defined 337
S/T and U Interfaces 338
Cabling ISDN 339
ITU ISDN D Channel Protocols 340
ISDN B Channel Protocols 341
Configuring ISDN 342
Core Configuration Commands 342
Dial-on-Demand Routing 345
CHECKPOINT 349
Review Questions 350
Review Answers 352
12 Frame Relay Connections 355
Introduction and Frame Relay Terminology 356
Multiaccess 358
Congestion Avoidance 358
Frame Relay Address Mapping 360
Data Link Addressing 361
Manual Mapping vs.Dynamic 365
Frame Relay States 366
Non-Broadcast Multiaccess Networks 367
Dealing with Split Horizon 369
Point-to-Point Subinterfaces Prevent Split Horizon 371
Configuring Point-to-Point Subinterfaces 372
Multiaccess Networks 373
Configuring Multipoint Frame Relay Connections 374
Verifying Frame Relay Connections 375
The show interface serial Command 375
The show frame-relay pvc Command 377
The show frame-relay map Command 377
The show frame-relay Imi Command 378
CHECKPOINT 379
Review Questions 380
Review Answers 381
Appendix A:About the CD-ROM 383
Mike Meyers'Certification Passport CD-ROM Instructions 383
System Requirements 383
Technical Support 384
Appendix B:Career Flight Path 385
Cisco Career Certifications 385
Cisco Certified Internetworking Expert(CCIE)Program 386
Where Do You Start? 386
Index 389