1 Introduction to Switching Concepts 1
1 Introduction to Switching Concepts 1
Collisions and Broadcast Domains 2
Collisions 2
Broadcast Domains 4
Foreword 5
LAN Segmentation 6
LAN Segmentation Using a Router 6
LAN Segmentation Using a Bridge 6
LAN Segmentation Using a Switch 8
About the Contributors 9
LAN Switching 10
Acknowledgments 13
Translational Switching 14
Cut-Through vs. Store and Forward Switching 17
Token Ring Switching 20
Bridging Methods 22
Certification Summary 23
Two-Minute Drill 24
SelfTest 26
Preface 27
2 VLANs 29
2 VLANs 29
Broadcast Domains 30
Introduction 31
VLAN Characteristics 32
Dynamic vs. Static VLANs 32
VLANs Reduce Costs 33
VLANs Increase Flexibility 36
Network Security 37
Frame Filtering Versus Frame Tagging 37
VLAN Trunks 39
Cisco Switch Trunk Capabilities 42
ISL, 802.10, 802.1Q, and LANE 44
ISL 44
802.10 47
802.1Q 49
LANE 50
Other Options 53
Token Ring VLANs 54
DRiP 56
Certification Summary 57
Two-Minute Drill 58
SelfTest 60
3 Placing Catalyst 5000 Series Switches in Your Network 63
3 Placing Catalyst 5000 Series Switches in Your Network 63
Demand Nodes and Resource Nodes 64
Local Resources and Remote Resources 67
Local Resources 68
Remote Resources 68
Bottlenecks and Buffer Overflows 69
Congestion Management 70
Putting It All Together 71
Number of Users 72
Size and Layout of the Office or Campus 73
Certification Summary 76
Two-Minute Drill 77
SelfTest 79
4 Catalyst 5000 Series Switch Architecture 83
4 Catalyst 5000 Series Switch Architecture 83
Buffering and Congestion Control 84
Per-Port Buffers 85
Full vs. Half Duplex 86
Priority Levels 87
Additional Bandwidth 89
Switching Components 90
Catalyst 5000 91
Frame Flow Through the Switch 95
Catalyst 5500 96
Network Management Components 101
Remote Access 102
Direct Console Access 103
Telnet Access 105
SNMP 106
SLIP 107
RMON 108
SPAN 109
Other Modules 109
NAM 111
Certification Summary 112
Two-Minute Drill 113
SelfTest 116
5 Catalyst 5000 Series Switch Hardware 119
5 Catalyst 5000 Series Switch Hardware 119
Catalyst 5000 Switch Hardware Description 121
Catalyst 5002 Switch 121
Catalyst 5000 Switch 123
Catalyst 5505 Switch 124
Catalyst 5509 Switch 125
Catalyst 5500 Switch 127
Supervisor Engine Module 130
Redundant Supervisor Engine Operation 135
Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Switching 138
Ethernet Modules 140
Fast Ethernet Modules 142
Token Ring Modules 144
FDDI and CDDI Modules 145
ATM LANE Modules 147
RSM 150
Certification Summary 153
Two-Minute Drill 155
SelfTest 158
6 Configuring the Catalyst 5000 Series Switches 161
6 Configuring the Catalyst 5000 Series Switches 161
SET, SHOW, and CLEAR Commands 162
Accessing the Command Line Interface 163
The Configuration Process 164
CLI Basics 172
Administrative Commands 176
The Catalyst IP Stack 177
SNMP 179
RMON 181
Password Configuration 184
Password Recovery 187
SET INTERFACE Command 192
SLIP 195
Saving Configuration Files to and from a TFTP Server 198
Saving Configuration Files to the TFTP Server 199
Retrieving a Config File from a TFTP Server 201
Downloading and Uploading Software Images 210
Copying NMP Images to SupervisorⅠor SupervisorⅡ 212
Configuring Token Ring, Ethernet, and Fast Ethernet Modules 215
Port Configurations 215
Certification Summary 218
Two-Minute Drill 219
SelfTest 222
7 Catalyst 5000 Series Switch Software 225
7 Catalyst 5000 Series Switch Software 225
Features of Release 2.x 226
NMP Image Features 226
Features of Release 3.X 234
Features of Release 4.x 236
Multiple VLAN Configuration 238
Creating VLANs 238
VLAN Routing 246
VLAN Trunking (ISL, 802.1Q, 802.10, and LANE) 257
Frame Filtering 260
Dynamic VLANs 260
Fast EtherChannel 261
Spanning-Tree Protocol and VLANs 263
VLAN Load Sharing across Trunks 267
Multicast Services 270
VTP Pruning 270
SPAN 272
Two-Minute Drill 274
Certification Summary 274
SelfTest 277
8 Managing the Catalyst 5000 Series Switches 281
8 Managing the Catalyst 5000 Series Switches 281
Command Line Interface 282
Management Options 282
Command Line Management Commands 284
Embedded RMON 289
SNMP 292
CDP 296
CWSI 298
SPAN 300
Certification Summary 304
Two-Minute Drill 305
SelfTest 307
9 Troubleshooting the Catalyst 5000 311
9 Troubleshooting the Catalyst 5000 311
Catalyst 5000 Power-Up Sequence 312
Troubleshooting the Power Subsystem 315
Troubleshooting the Cooling Subsystem 316
Troubleshooting the Processor and Interface Subsystem 317
Physical and Data Link Layers 319
Troubleshooting at the Cabling Level 320
Network Layer 338
PING 341
TRACEROUTE 342
Certification Summary 343
Two-Minute Drill 344
SelfTest 347
10 Catalyst 5000 Series Switch FDDI Module 351
10 Catalyst 5000 Series Switch FDDI Module 351
FDDI/CDDI Review 352
Catalyst 5000 FDDI/CDDI Features 354
APaRT Overview 354
IP Features 355
Spanning Tree Support 355
Trunking Support Overview 355
APaRT 356
FDDICHECK 358
FDDI VLANs and 802.10 359
Mapping Ethernet and FDDI VLANs Together 362
Configuring the FDDI/CDDI Module 365
Naming FDDI Ports 365
Turning Off APaRT 365
Turning On FDDICHECK 366
Multiswitch VLAN without Trunking 366
Configuring FDDI VLANs 367
Turning On Trunking 368
Creating FDDI VLANs 368
Mapping Ethernet VLANs to FDDI VLANs 369
Certification Summary 370
Two-Minute Drill 371
SelfTest 374
11 ATM LANE 377
11 ATM LANE 377
ATM Boot Camp 381
SAR 381
ATM Addressing 386
ILMI 389
ATM Signaling 389
LANE Components 390
ELAN 390
LAN Emulation Client 391
LAN Emulation Server 393
LAN Emulation Configuration Server 394
Broadcast and Unknown Server 394
LANE Internetworking 396
ATM Switch 396
LEC, LES, BUS, and LECS Addresses 396
LANE Operation 397
Setup Phase 398
Data Forwarding Phase 401
Configuring LAN Emulation 405
ATM LANE Module 406
Configuring the Catalyst 5000 Series ATM LANE Modules 406
Sending Data Over LANE 422
Optional LANE Configuration Steps 425
Certification Summary 428
Two-Minute Drill 428
SelfTest 430
12 Catalyst 1900 Series and Catalyst 2820 Switches 433
12 Catalyst 1900 Series and Catalyst 2820 Switches 433
ClearChannel Architecture 434
Overview of Architecture 436
Catalyst 1900 and Catalyst 2820 Features 438
Cisco Group Management Protocol 438
Broadcast Storm Prevention 439
Multicast Packet Filtering 439
Support for Full-Duplex Ethernet 440
Spanning-Tree Protocol 440
Switching Modes 441
Modules Supported 442
Management Support 445
Configuring Catalyst 1900 and Catalyst 2820 for VLANs, SNMP, and ATM LANE 445
Web-Based Configuration 446
Menu-Based Configuration 448
SNMP-Based Configuration 450
Default Configuration 450
Certification Summary 452
Two-Minute Drill 452
SelfTest 455
13 Catalyst 3000 Series Switches 459
13 Catalyst 3000 Series Switches 459
Catalyst 3000 System Architecture 460
Arbiter ASIC 461
CPU ASIC 461
10 Mbps Ethernet Module 461
Fast Ethernet Module 462
ATM LANE Module 463
100VG AnyLan Module 464
3011 WAN Access Module 464
Catalyst Matrix 465
Filtering Capabilities 466
VLANs and VTP 468
Configuring the Catalyst 3000 Series Switches 469
Basic Configuration 470
VLANs and ISL Trunks 471
Configuring ATM and LANE 473
ISL Trunks 473
LANE Configuration 474
Certification Summary 475
Two-Minute Drill 476
SelfTest 479
A SelfTest Answers 483
A SelfTest Answers 483
Chapter 1 SelfTest 484
Chapter 2 SelfTest 488
Chapter 3 SelfTest 492
Chapter 4 SelfTest 496
Chapter 5 SelfTest 499
Chapter 6 SelfTest 503
Chapter 7 SelfTest 507
Chapter 8 SelfTest 510
Chapter 9 SelfTest 514
Chapter 10 SelfTest 518
Chapter 11 SelfTest 523
Chapter 12 SelfTest 527
Chapter 13 SelfTest 533
B About the CD 541
B About the CD 541
Test Type Choices 542
Installing the Personal Testing Center 542
Live 543
Managing Windows 543
Saving Scores as Cookies 543
Using the Browser Buttons 544
JavaScript Errors 544
Practice 544
Review 544
Scoring 545
C About the Web Site 547
C About the Web Site 547
What You ll Find There 548
Glossary 549
Glossary 549
Index 595
Index 595