Preface 1
Chapter 1.Introduction: 1
1.1 What Is Lexicology? 1
1.2 What Are the Subbranches of Lexicology? 2
1.3 The Connection of Lexicology with Other Branches of Linguistics and other Non-Linguistic Subjects 4
1.4 The Theoretical Basis for the Investigation of Modern English Lexicology 8
1.5 The Aims and Significance of the Course of Modern English Lexicology 10
Review Questions 12
Chapter 2. Some Problems of the Definition of the Word and the Theory of the English Vocabulary 14
2.1 The Problem of a Scientific Definition of a Word 14
2.2 Meaning and Notion of a Word 19
2.3 Theory of the English Vocabulary 21
Review Questions 24
Chapter 3.Sources of the English Vocabulary 25
3.1 Elements Making up the English Vocabulary 25
3.2 Doublets, Hybrids, International Words 58
3.3 Interrelation between Native and Foreign Elements in the English Language 64
3.4 Conclusion 70
Review Questions 72
Chapter 4.Word-Structure 73
4.1 Morphemic Analysis 73
4.2 Derivational or Word-formation Level of Analysis 81
4.3 Summary of the English Word-Structure 87
Review Questions 89
Appendix: Select List of Latin and Greek Roots 90
Chapter 5. English Word-Formation 100
5.1 Means of Word-Formation in General 100
5.2 Affixation 100
5.3 Conversion 116
5.4 Composition or Compounding 130
5.5 Minor Ways of Word-building 150
5.6 Conclusion 156
Review Questions 157
Chapter 6. Semantics and Semantic Analysis of Words 159
6.1 Introductory Remarks 159
6.2 Historical Surey 159
6.3 Two Schools of Thought in Prescnt-day Linguistics 163
6.4 Types of Meaning 170
6.5 The Semantic Analysis of Words 173
6.6 The Semantic Relationship Between Words: Syonyms and Antonyms 186
Review Questions 203
Chapter 7. Change of Meaning(Semantic Ahange) 204
7.1 Introduction 204
7.2 Four Major Tendencies that Lead to Change of Meaning 205
7.3 Figures of Specch 213
7.4 Summary 223
Review Questions 225
Chapter 8. English Idioms 226
8.1 Introductory Remarks 226
8.2 Characteristic Features of English Idioms 228
8.3 Classification of English Idioms 236
8.4 Phrasal Verbs 243
8.5 Conclusion 250
Appendix:English Proverbs and Familiar Quotations 251
Review Questions 254
Chapter 9. Regional Varieties of the English Languge; Types of the English Vocabulary; Lexical Layers in English. 255
9.1 Regional Varieties of the English Language 255
9.2 Types of Vocabulary 260
9.3 Lexical Layer of the English Vocabulary 269
9.4 Stylistic Differentiation 270
Review Questions 273
Chapter 10. American English 274
10.1 A Introductory Remarks 274
10.2 A Brief Historical Background of American English 275
10.3 Characteristics of American English 279
10. Differences Between American and British English: Vocabulary, Spelling, Pronunciation, Grammar 281
10.5 Concluding Remarks 291
Appendix: Some Current Amaricanisms 292
Review Questions 295
Chapter 11. English Lexicography 296
11.1 Lexicography and Lexicology 296
11.2 Types of Dictionary 297
11.3 Some of the Main Problems in Lexicography 304
11.4 Historical Development of British and American Lexicography 307
11.5 How to Use a Dictionary 317
Review Questions 320
12.1 The Diachronic Approach 321
Chapter 12. Methods of Lexicological Research 321
12.2 The Synchronic Approach 323
12.3 Statistical Method 332
12.4 Research Procedures 337
12.5 Conclusion 344
Review Questions 346
Appendix 1. The Periods in the History of English 347
Appendix 2. Exercises in Modern English Lexicology 348
Appendix 3. Indo-European Languaeg Family 357
Appendix 4. Glossary of Some Linguistic Terms 358
Bibliography 360