Unit 14 Land LifeText A From Water to Land：the Development of the Amphibians 1
Table of ContentsGeneral Introduction to Read into Human Civilization and Culture 1
Introduction to Book 1—Universe，Enuironment and Life 4
Part 1 The Big Bang and AfterwardsUnit 1 The Big Bang and the UniverseText A The Mother Earth's place in the UniverseText B Challenging the Big Bang：the Beginning of Everything 4
Unit 2 Early Forms of LifeText A Evolution and LifeText B Living Things 20
Unit 3 The Infinite Variety and EvolutionText A The Infinite VarietyText B The Cambrian Explosion—the Big Bang of Life 36
Part 2 Physical EnvironmentUnit 4 Lakes and the LandscapeText A Lakes and the LandscapeText B How Lakes Begin，Evolve and Change 46
Text C Great Lakes of the World 57
Unit 5 The Fascination of IslandsText A1 How Islands Are FormedText A2 Skomer：a Case Study of Island Life（to be continued）Text B Skomer：a Case Study of Island Life（continued） 72
Unit 6 The Mysterious Amazon RiverText A European Discovery of the Amazon River BasinText B The Amazon Rain Forest and Its Tribes people 86
Text C Manaus：Coastal City and Jungle Capital 97
Part 3 The ContinentsUnit 7 The Formation of the Continents，and AfricaText A The ContinentsText B Africa 110
Unit 8 Asia and AmericasText A AsiaText B North and South America 130
Unit 9 Europe and OceaniaText A EuropeText B Oceania 148
Part 4 Towards an Understanding of AnimalsUnit 10 Animal CommunicationText A Von Frisch's Study of the Signaling Systems of BeesText B Birds' Communicative Behaviour 158
Text C Signalling and Evolution：the Development of Ethology 171
Unit 11 Relations between Animals and ManText A1 The Mental Life of AnimalsText A2 A Day in the Life of a Chimpanzee CommunityText B1 Qualities Needed for Successful Research into Animal Behaviour 182
Text B2 Coolness in a Disastrous Encounter 188
Unit 12 What Can We Learn from NatureText A Observing the Social Life of African Wild DogsText B1 Medicines from the Amazon Rain Forest 194
Text B2 Medical Uses of Natural poisons 196
Part 5 Life on Land，Sea and AirUnit 13 Sea LifeText A The Living SeaText B The Life of the Shore 204
Text B1 From Water to Land：the Development of the Amphibians（2） 224
Text B2 Otter Makes an Urban Come-back 230
Unit 15 Air LifeText A The Evolution of BirdsText B Life in the Air 234
Text C Continuing the Species 243
Part 6 Man and the EnvironmentUnit 16 Mystifying NatureText A1 Religion and SupernaturalText A2 Witchcraft（to be continued）Text B Witchcraft（continued） 254
Unit 17 Confronting NatureText A Adaptation to Colour BlindnessText B Climbing Everest 264
Text C A passionate Interest in the Natural World 271
Unit 18 Understanding NatureText A Discovering Order and patternText B A Threat to the Ozone Layer（to be continued） 280
Text C A Threat to the Ozone Layer（continued） 292
Key to Questions 303
Glossary 312