SECTIONⅠThe Art of Interviewing 3
CHAPTER1 The Interviewer s Questions 3
Basic Principles 3
Symptoms and Signs 7
Conducting an Interview 8
Basic Interviewing Techniques 10
Format of the History 16
Concluding Thoughts 31
CHAPTER2 The Patient s Responses 35
Responses to Illness 35
Responses to the Interviewer 38
Influence of Background and Age on Patient Response 41
Influence of Disease on Patient Response 46
CHAPTER3 Caring for Patients in a Culturally Diverse Society 51
General Considerations 52
Specific Cross-Cultural Perspectives 62
Traditional Chinese Medicine 70
Conclusion 77
CHAPTER4 Assessment of Nutritional Status 79
Medical History 80
Physical Examination 87
Special Populations 89
Clinicopathologic Correlations 96
Concluding Thoughts 99
CHAPTER5 Putting the History Together 101
Interview of Mr．John Doe 101
Written History of Mr．John Doe 110
SECTION ⅡThe Science of the Physical Examination 115
CHAPTER6 The Physical Examination 115
The Basic Procedures 115
Preparation for the Examination 117
Precautions to Take During the Examination 118
The Goal of the Physical Examination 119
General Considerations 123
CHAPTER7 The Skin 123
Structure and Physiology 124
Review of Specific Symptoms 127
Impact of Skin Disease on the Patient 129
Physical Examination 129
Description of Lesions 135
Clinicopathologic Correlations 141
CHAPTER8 The Head and Neck 179
General Considerations 179
Structure and Physiology 180
Impact of Head and Neck Disease on the Patient 183
Review of Specific Symptoms 183
Physical Examination 184
Clinicopathologic Correlations 188
CHAPTER9 The Eye 195
Historical considerations 195
Structure and Physiology 195
Review of Specific Symptoms 201
Impact of Blindness on the Patient 205
Physical Examination 206
Ophthalmoscopic Examination 226
Clinicopathologic Correlations 233
Structure and Physiology 257
CHAPTER10 The Ear and Nose 257
General Considerations 257
Review of Specific Symptoms 263
Impact of Deafness on the Patient 268
Physical Examination 269
Clinicopathologic Correlations 279
CHAPTER11 The Oral Cavity and Pharynx 285
General Considerations 285
Structure and Physiology 286
Review of Specific Symptoms 290
Impact of a Voice Disorder on the patient 293
Physical Examination 294
Clinicopathologic Correlations 306
CHAPTER12 The Chest 315
General Considerations 315
Structure and Physiology 315
Review of Specific Symptoms 320
Impact of Lung Disease on the Patient 326
Physical Examination 327
Clinicopathologic Correlations 338
General Considerations 345
CHAPTER13 The Heart 345
Structure and Physiology 346
Review of Specific Symptoms 354
Impact of Cardiac Disease on the Patient 362
Physical Examination 362
Clinicopathologic Correlations 382
CHAPTER14 The Peripheral Vascular System 391
General Considerations 391
Structure and Physiology 392
Review of Specific Symptoms 392
Impact of Vascular Disease on the Patient 394
Physical Examination 394
Clinicopathologic Correlations 402
CHAPTER15 The Breast 407
General Considerations 407
Structure and Physiology 408
Review of Specific Symptoms 411
Impact of Breast Disease on the Patient 414
Physical Examination 415
Clinicopathologic Correlations 424
CHAPTER16 The Abdomen 427
Structure and Physiology 427
Review of Specific Symptoms 430
Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on the Patient 436
Physical Examination 437
Clinicopathologic Correlations 458
CHAPTER17 Male Genitalia and Hernias 461
General Considerations 461
Structure and Physiology 462
Review of Specific Symptoms 467
Impact of Eretile Dysfunction on the Patient 474
Physical Examination 475
Clinicopathologic Correlations 486
CHAPTER18 Female Genitalia 495
General Considerations 495
Structure and Physiology 496
Review of Specific Symptoms 501
Impact of Infertility on the Patient 507
Physical Examination 508
Clinicopathologic Correlations 522
CHAPTER19 The Musculoskeletal System 527
General Considerations 527
Structure and Physiology 528
Review of Specific Symptoms 543
Impact of Musculoskeletal Disease on the Patient 545
Physical Examination 545
Clinicopathologic Correlations 566
CHAPTER20 The Nervous System 579
General Considerations 579
Structure and Physiology 580
Review of Specific Symptoms 589
Impact of Chronic Neurologic Disease on the Patient 596
Physical Examination 596
Clinicopathologic Correlations 630
CHAPTER21 Putting the Examination Together 637
The Techniques 637
The Written Physical Examination 644
General Considerations 651
SECTIONⅢ Evaluation of Specific Patients 651
CHAPTER22 The Pregnant Patient 651
Structure and Physiology 652
Review of Specific Symptoms 656
Obstetric Risk Assessment 660
Calculation of Due Date 661
Impact of Pregnancy on a Patient 662
Physical Examination 662
Initial Comprehensive Evaluation 662
Subsequent Antenatal Examinations 666
Clinicopathologic Correlations 668
General Considerations 671
CHAPTER23 The Pediatric Patient 671
The Pediatric History 672
Examination of the Newborn 681
Examination of the Infant 700
Examination of the Young Child 711
Examination of the Older Child 719
Examination of the Adolescent 722
Clinicopathologic Correlations 726
CHAPTER24 The Geriatric Patient 733
General Considerations 733
Structure and Physiology 734
Basic Principles of Geriatric Medicine 738
The Geriatric History 739
Impact of Growing Old on the Patient 742
Physical Examination 742
Clinicopathologic Correlations 744
CHAPTER25 The Acutely Ⅲ Patient 747
Primary Survey 748
Secondary Survey 750
The Pediatric Emergency 753
Art，Science，and Observation 759
CHAPTER26 Diagnostic Reasoning in Physical Diagnosis 759
SECTION Ⅳ Putting the Data to Work 759
Diagnostic Reasoning from Signs and Symptoms 761
CHAPTER27 The Clinical Record 775
Putting the History and Physical Examination Together 775
The Human Dimension 781
EPILOGUE 783
APPENDICES 787
AppendixA Commonly Abused Drugs 787
AppendixB Signs and Symptoms in Deficiency States 789
AppendixC Conversion Tables 792
Index 795