CONTENTSAbbreviations viiiPreface xiSection A-Brain cells 1
A1 Neuron structure 1
A2 Classes and numbers of neurons 4
A3 Morphology of chemical synapses 7
A4 Glial cells and myelination 10
A5 Blood-brain barrier 13
Section B-Foundations of electrophysiology 15
B1 Resting potentials 15
B2 Action potentials 19
B3 Voltage-dependent ion channels 22
B4 Molecular biology of sodium and potassium channels 26
B5 Action potential conduction 31
C1 Overview of synaptic function 35
Section C-Synapse function 35
C2 Fast neurotransmission 38
C3 Slow neurotransmission 43
C4 Receptor molecular biology 48
C5 Neurotransmitter release 53
C6 Voltage-dependent calcium channels 59
C7 Neurotransmitter inactivation 61
C8 Autoreceptors 64
Section D-Neural integration 67
D1 Properties of neurites 67
D2 Spatial and temporal summation 72
Section E-Elements of neuroanatomy 75
E1 Organization of the peripheral nervous system 75
E2 Organization of the central nervous system 81
E3 Neuroanatomical techniques 88
E4 Brain imaging 91
E5 Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid 95
Section F-Neural coding 99
F1 Information representation by neurons 99
F2 Intensity and time coding 101
F3 Stimulus localization 104
F4 Stimulus quality 107
Section G-Somatosensory systems 111
G1 Cutaneous sensory receptors 111
G2 Dorsal column pathways for touch sensations 116
G3 Anterolateral systems and descending control of pain 120
G4 Sense of balance 126
H1 Attributes of vision 131
Section H-Vision 131
H2 Eye and visual pathways 135
H3 Retina 141
H4 Phototransduction 146
H5 Retinal processing 150
H6 Early visual processing 156
H7 Parallel processing in the visual system 161
Section I-Auditory neuroscience 167
I1 Acoustics and audition 167
I2 Anatomy and physiology of the ear 169
I3 Peripheral auditory processing 173
I4 CentraI auditory processing 175
Section J-Chemical senses：smell and taste 181
J1 Olfactory receptor neurons 181
J2 Olfactory pathways 183
J3 Taste 186
J4 Gustatory pathways 189
Section K-Motor function：muscle and cortex 191
K1 Skeletal muscles and excitation-contraction coupling 191
K2 Motor units and motor pools 197
K3 Elementary motor reflexes 202
K4 Spinal motor function 209
K5 Brainstem postural reflexes 215
K6 Cortical control of voluntary movement 221
K7 Motor disorders 229
Section L-Cerebellum and basal ganglia 233
L1 Anatomy of the cerebellum 233
L2 Cerebellar cortical circuitry 237
L3 Functional subdivisions of the cerebellum 240
L4 Cerebellar function 246
L5 Anatomy of the basal ganglia 250
L6 Basal ganglia function 254
L7 Oculomotor control 258
Section M-Neuroendocrinology and autonomic functions 265
M1 Anatomy and connections of the hypothalamus 265
M2 Posterior pituitary function 270
M3 Neuroendocrine control of metabolism and growth 274
M4 Neuroendocrine control of reproduction 283
M5 Smooth and cardiac muscle 288
M6 Autonomic nervous system function 292
M7 Central control of autonomic function 299
Section N-Diffuse monoamine transmission 305
N1 Dopamine neurotransmission 305
N2 Norepinephrine neurotransmission 309
N3 Serotonin neurotransmission 313
N4 Acetylcholine neurotransmission 316
Section O-Brain and behavior 319
O1 Motivation 319
O2 Control of feeding 324
O3 Brain biological clocks 329
O4 Sleep 333
Section P-Developmental neurobiology 339
P1 Early patterning of the nervous system 339
P2 Cell determination 346
P3 Cortical development 351
P4 Axon pathfinding 355
P5 Synaptogenesis and developmental plasticity 360
P6 Neurotrophic factors 365
P7 Brain sexual differentiation 370
Section Q-Learning and memory 375
Q1 Types of learning 375
Q2 Invertebrate procedural learning 380
Q3 Memory circuitry in mammals 384
Q4 Hippocampal learning 390
Q5 Cerebellar motor learning 397
Section R-Aspects of neuropathology 401
R1 Strokes and excitotoxicity 401
R2 Epilepsy 405
R3 Parkinson's disease 409
R4 Alzheimer's disease 413
Further reading 421
Index 427