1 化学元素(Chemical Elements) 1
1.1 元素周期律(Periodic Law of the Elements) 1
1.1.1 周期律与周期表(Periodic Law and Periodic Chart) 1
1.1.2 元素的分类(Classification of the Elements) 2
1.1.3 原子的电子构型(Electron Configuration of Atoms) 3
1.1.4 元素的化合价(Valence of the Elements) 7
1.2 元素的性质(Properties of the Elements) 8
1.2.1 元素的性质表(Table of Properties of the Elements) 8
1.2.2 元素的溶解性(Solubility of the Elements) 16
1.3 元素的电离势(Ionization Potentials of the Elements) 19
1.4 原子的电子亲合势(Atomic Electron Affinities) 22
1.5 元素的电负性(Electronegativities of the Elements) 24
1.6 元素的亚原子粒子(Subatomic Particles of the Elements) 25
1.7 同位素(Isotopes) 26
1.7.1 天然同位素(Natural Isotopes) 26
1.7.2 常见放射性同位素(Radioactive Isotopes) 32
1.8 单质和同素异性体(Simple Substance and Allotrope 34
1.8.1 单质(Simple Substance) 34
1.8.2 同素异性体(Allotrope) 35
1.9 元素的分布度(Element Abundance) 35
1.10 化学元素中外文名称对照表(Chinese-Foreign Language Multi-Lingual Table of Chemical Elements) 37
2 无机化合物(Inorganic Compounds) 42
2.1 无机化合物的命名(Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds) 42
2.1.1 无机化合物的命名须知(Notes for Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds) 42
2.1.2 二元化合物(Binary Compounds) 44
2.1.3 三元、四元等化合物(Polyatomic Compounds) 46
2.1.4 简单含氧酸和简单含氧酸盐(Simple Oxyacids and Simple Oxyacidic Salts) 47
2.1.5 同多酸与同多酸盐、杂多酸与杂多酸盐(Isopoly-acids and Isopoly-acidic Salts,Heteropolyacids and Heteropolyacidic Salts) 52
2.1.6 加成化合物(Addition Compounds) 54
2.1.7 硼化合物(Boron Compounds) 54
2.1.8 配位化合物(Coordination Compounds) 54
2.2 无机化合物的物理常数(Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds) 55
2.3 无机化合物的生成熟(Heat of Formation of Inorganic Compounds) 106
2.4 矿物(Minerals) 113
2.5 常见无机化工产品的商品名称、化学名称、别名及俗名(Commodity Name,Chemical Name,Synonym Trivial Name of Common Inorganic Chemical-Engineering Products) 122
3. 有机化合物(Organic Compounds) 132
3.1 有机化合物的命名(Nomenclature of Organic Compounds) 132
3.1.1 立体化学(Sterochemistry) 132
3.1.2 某些环的标记法(Marking of Some Cycles) 134
3.1.3 有机根、基(Name of Organic Radicals and Groups) 135
3.1.4 有机化合物的系统命名原则(Rule for Systematic Nomenclature of Organic Compounds) 137
3.1.5 某些有机酸盐类的名称(Names of Some Organic Salts) 143
3.2 有机化合物的物理常数(Physical Constants of Orga-nic Compounds) 145
3.3 有机溶剂(Organic Solvents) 196
3.3.1 有机溶剂的主要常数(Principal Constants of Organic Solvents) 196
3.3.2 有机溶剂的蒸发速度(Vaporization Velocity of Orga-nic Solvents) 203
3.3.3 有机溶剂蒸气与空气混合物的爆炸界限(Explosive Limits of Mixture of Organic Solvent Vapors and Air) 204
3.4.1 高分子化合物的分类(Classification of Polymers) 207
3.4 高分子化合物(Polymers) 207
3.3.4 有机溶剂的蒸气在空气中的自燃温度(Self-Ignition Temperature of Organic Solvent Vapors in Air) 207
3.4.2 合成高分子化合物的制备方法(Preparation of Syn-thetic polymers) 208
3.4.3 一些合成高分子化合物(Some Synthetic Polymers) 209
4. 固体物质和液体物质的物理性质(Physical Properties of Solids and Liquids) 218
4.1 密度(Density) 218
4.2 熔点(Melting Point) 221
4.3 沸点(Boiling Point) 224
4.4 粘度(Viscosity) 229
4.5 表面张力(Surface Tension) 235
4.6 硬度(Hardness) 238
4.7 折光率(Refractive Index) 240
4.8 比旋光(Specific Rotation) 246
4.9 介电常数(Dielectric Constant) 247
4.9.1 参比液体的标准介电常数(Standard Dielectric C0-nstants of Reference Liquids) 247
4.9.2 部分物质的介电常数(Dielectric Constants of Some Materials) 247
4.10.1 液体的压缩系数(Compression Coefficients of Liquids) 249
4.10 压缩系数与膨胀系数(Coefficients of Compression and Expansion) 249
4.10.2 线膨胀系数(Coefficients of Linear Expansion) 251
4.10.3 体积膨胀系数(Coefficients of Cubic Expansion) 251
4.11 热导率(Thermal Conductivity) 254
4.12 电阻率与电导率(Resistivity and Conductivity) 258
4.13 熔化热与汽化热(Heat of Fusion and Vaporization) 260
4.14 比热容(Specific Heat Capacity) 265
4.15 蒸汽压(Vapor Pressure) 273
5 气体(Gas) 275
5.1 气体的标准状况(The Standard Condition of Gas) 275
5.2 气体体积换算成标准状况(Reduction of Gas Volumes to the Standard Condition) 275
5.3 气体的主要物理常数(Principal Physical Constants of Gases) 276
5.4 气体与蒸气的热导率(Thermal Conductivity of Gases and Vapors) 278
5.5 气体与蒸气的扩散(Diffusion of Gases and Vapors) 279
5.6 气体与蒸气的粘度(Viscosity of Gases and Vapors) 280
5.7 气体与蒸气的比热容(Specific Heat Capacity of Gases and Vapors) 284
5.8 气体在水中的溶解度(Solubility of Gases in Water) 289
5.9 压缩气体和液化气(Compressed and Liquefied Gases) 293
5.10 气体的热膨胀(Heat Expansivity of Gases) 295
5.11 可燃气体(Flammable Gases) 296
6 空气(Air) 298
6.1 空气的物理常数(Physical Constants of Air) 298
6.2 大气的组成(Composition of Air) 299
6.3 在不同高度上的大气压力(Atmospheric Pressure at Different Altitude) 300
6.4 空气的密度(Density of Air) 300
6.4.1 干燥空气的密度(Density of Dry Air) 300
6.4.2 潮湿空气的密度(Density of Moist Air) 301
6.4.3 室内潮湿空气的密度(Density of Moist Air Indor) 302
6.5 空气的热导率(Thermal Conductivity of Air) 302
6.6 空气的比热容(Specific Heat Capacity of Air) 302
6.7 空气的湿度(Humidity of Air) 303
6.8 空气在水中的溶解度(Solubility of Air in Water) 306
7.1 水的物理化学常数(Physical·Chemistry Constants of Water) 307
7 水(Water) 307
7.3 水的可压缩性(Compressibility of Water) 308
7.2 水的离子积(Ion Product of Water) 308
7.4 水的蒸气压力(Vapor Pressure of Water) 309
7.5 水的粘度(Viscosity of Water) 309
7.6 水的表面张力(Surface Tension of Water) 310
7.7 水的折光率(Refractive Index of Water) 311
7.8 水的比热容(Specific Heat Capacity of Water) 311
7.9 冰的蒸气压力(Vapor Pressure of Ice) 312
7.10 在不同温度下水的密度和相对密度(Density and Rela-tive Density at Various Temperature) 312
7.11 不同压力下水的沸点(Boiling Point of Water at Va-rious Pressures) 314
7.12 极纯水的电导率(Conductivity of Extremely Pure Wa-ter) 315
7.13 水的硬度(Hardness of Water) 315
7.14 饮用水质量的基本要求(Basic Requirements for Qua-lity of Drinking Water) 316
7.15 饮用天然矿泉水(Natural Mineral Water for Drinking) 317
7.16 对排放水质量的要求(Requirements for the Quality of Drained Water) 320
8.1 溶液浓度的表示方法(Solution Concentration Expres-sions) 330
8 溶液(Solution) 330
8.2 溶液浓度换算式(Conversion Formulas for Concentra-tion of Solutions) 331
8.3 盐类和有机物在水中的溶解度通性(Solubility Genera-lity of Salts and Organic Substances in Water) 332
8.4 溶解度程度的相比特性(Comparing Characteristic of Solubility Level) 335
8.5 无机化合物的溶解度(Solubility of Inorganic Compounds) 335
8.5.1 无机化合物在水中的溶解度(Solubility of Inorga-nic Compounds in Water) 336
8.5.2 无机化合物在有机溶剂中的溶解度(Solubility of Inorganic Compounds in Organic Solvents) 342
8.6 有机化合物的溶解度(Solubility of Organie Compounds) 345
8.6.1 常见有机化合物在水中的溶解度(Solubility of Com-mon Organic Compounds in Water) 345
8.6.2 液体的互溶度(Mutual Solubility of Liquids) 350
8.7 溶度积(Solubility Products) 354
8.8 溶液的依数性(Dependence of the Solution) 360
8.8.1 沸点升高常数(Ebullioscopic Constants) 360
8.8.2 冰点降低常数(Cryoscopic Constants) 362
8.9.1 无机酸的水溶液(Aqueous Solutions of Inorganic Acids) 364
8.9 水溶液的沸点(Boiling points of Aqueous Solutions) 364
8.9.2 盐和碱的水溶液(Aqueous Solutions of Salts and Alkalies) 365
8.9.3 有机物的水溶液(Aqueous Solutions of Organic Substances) 366
8.9.4 共沸溶液的组成和沸点(Constituent and Boiling Points of the Azeotropic Mixtures) 368
8.10 水溶液的蒸气压(Vapor Pressure of Aqueous Solutions) 370
8.11 水溶液的密度和浓度(Density and Concentration of Aqueous Solutions) 374
8.11.1 无机物的水溶液(Aqueous Solutions of lnorganic Substances) 374
8.11.2 有机物的水溶液(Aqueous Solutions of Organic Substances) 387
9 电化学知识(Electrochemistry) 391
9.1 电离度(Degree of Ionization) 391
9.2 离子活度(lonic Activity) 392
9.2.1 电解质的平均活度系数(Mean Activity Coefficents of Electrolytes) 392
9.2.2 离子强度与平均活度系数(lonic Strength and Mean Activity Coefficents) 393
9.3 溶液和液体的电导率(Electrical Conductivity of Solu-tions and Liquids) 393
9.3.1 水溶液的电导率(Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions) 393
9.3.2 离子电导率(Ionic Conductivity) 396
9.3.3 纯净液体的电导率(Conductivity of Pure Liquids) 400
9.4 氧化还原标准电极电位(Oxidation-Reduction Normal Potential) 402
9.5 金属的取代序(Replacement Series of Metals) 410
9.6 水和重水的电离常数(Ionization Constants of Normal and Heavy Water) 410
9.7 酸、碱的离解常数(Dissociation Constants of Acids and Bases) 411
9.8 配位化合物的不稳定常数(Instability Constants of Metal Complexes) 416
9.9 电解化学(Electrolytics) 423
9.9.1 常用电极反应的过电位(Overpotentials for Common Electrode Reactions) 423
9.9.2 电解质水溶液的分解电压(Decomposition Voltage of Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions) 424
9.9.3 电化当量(Electrochemical Equivalent) 425
9.10 金属防锈(Rust Proof) 426
9.10.1 不同金属相接时容许的组合(Allowable Combi-nation for Connection of Different Metals) 426
9.10.2 常用金属的化学除锈(Rust Removal Chemically for Common Metals) 428
10 分析化学知识(Analytical Chemistry) 431
10.1 酸碱指示剂(Indicators for Aqueous Acid-Base Titrations) 431
10.2 氧化还原指示剂(Redox Indicators) 440
10.3 吸附指示剂(Adsorption Indicators) 442
10.4 荧光指示剂(Fluorescent Indicators) 444
10.5 化学发光指示剂(Chemiluminescent Indicators) 447
10.6 软硬酸碱(Hard and Soft Acid and Base,HSAB) 448
10.7 氨羧配合剂及其金属螯合物的稳定常数(Aminocarbo-xylic Complexants and Formation Constants of Metal Chelates) 449
10.8 缓冲溶液(Buffer Solutions) 452
10.8.1 pH标准缓冲溶液(pH Standard Buffer Solutions) 452
10.8.2 几种缓冲溶液的组成和pH值(Composition and pH Values of Buffer Solutions) 457
10.9 沉淀金属氢氧化物pH值(Precipitation pH Value of Metal Hydroxide) 460
10.10 常用酸、氨水的密度和浓度(Density and Concentra-tion of Common Acids and Ammonia Water) 461
10.11 掩蔽剂和解蔽剂(Masking Agents and Demasking Agents) 461
10.12 常用溶剂及熔剂的性质(Properties of Common Sol-vents and Fluxes) 469
11 人体相关化学(Chemistry Coucerning Human Body) 473
11.1 人体生物材料的组成(Composition of Biological Ma-terials in Human Body) 473
11.1.1 人体中化学元素的含量(Concentration of Chemi-cal Elements in Human Body 473
11.1.2 人体某些成分的正常参考值(Normal Reference Values for some Composition in Human Body) 473
11.1.3 人体血液的元素成分(Concentration of Elements in Human Blood) 476
11.1.4 生化检验微量元素正常值(Normal Value for Bio-chemical Analysis of Microelements) 478
11.2 人所需要的营养素和微量元素(Nutrients and Trace Elements Demanded by Human Beings) 479
11.3 食物成分(Composition of Foods) 482
11.3.1 植物性食物(Vegetable Foods) 482
11.3.2 动物性食物(Animal Foods) 482
11.3.3 主要维生素的来源、功用和缺乏症(Sources and Functions of Vitamins,Vitamin-Deficiency) 482
11.3.4 食品中微量元素含量(Concentration of Trace Eie-ments in Foods) 496
11.3.5 食品胆固醇含量(Concentration of Cholesterol in Foods) 496
12 若干工业产品(Some Industrial Products) 500
12.1 煤(Coal) 500
12.1.1 决定煤类别的主要特征(Principal Characteristics Determing Coal Classification) 500
12.1.2 我国煤炭的分类(Classification of Chinese Coal) 501
12.1.3 煤的液化(Liquefaction of Coal) 504
12.1.4 煤焦油(Coal Tar) 504
12.2.1 决定石油类别的主要特征(Principal Characteristics Determing Petroleum Classes) 505
12.2.2 我国原油的一般性质(Normal Properties of Chi-nese Crude Oil) 505
12.2 石油(Petroleum) 505
12.2.3 石油产品的馏分组成(Composition of Distillate from Petroleum) 508
12.2.4 页岩油的性质(Properties of Shale Oil) 508
12.2.5 炼厂气的组成(Compositions of Refinery Gas) 508
12.2.6 轻柴油的组成与性质(Properties and Compositi-ons of Light Diesel Fuels) 509
12.2.7 石油产品中的环烷酸含量(Content of Cycloalkane Acid in Petroleum Products) 509
12.2.8 石油产品中的硫化物含量(Content of Sulfur Com-pounds in Petroleum Products) 510
12.3 天然气、人造煤气及石油液化气(Natural Gas,Coal Gas and Liquefied Petroleum Gas) 511
12.3.1 天然气的组成(Compositions of Natural Gas) 511
12.3.2 煤的气化(Gasification of Coal) 511
12.3.3 液化石油气分类(Classification of Liquefied Petroleum Gas) 512
12.3.4 城市燃气的分类(Classification of Town Fuel Gas) 512
12.4 常用金属及合金的成分和性质(Chemical Compositions and Properties of Common Metals and Alloys) 513
12.4.1 钢铁(Steel) 514
12.4.2 有色金属(Non-ferrous Metal) 519
12.5.1 水泥(Cement) 526
12.5 硅酸盐制品(Products of Silicate) 526
12.5.2 耐火泥与耐火砖(Fire Clay and Fire Brick) 527
12.5.3 玻璃与陶瓷(Glass and Ceramics) 527
12.5.4 硅胶(Sillica Gel) 527
13 实验室技术(Laboratory Technlque) 533
13.1 分析实验室用水的规格及制备(Specification and Preparation of Water for the Use of Analytical Laboratory) 533
13.1.1 分析实验室用水规格(Specification of Water for the Use of Analytical Laboratory) 533
13.1.2 分析实验室用水的制备(Preparation of Water for the Use of Analytical Laboratory) 534
13.1.3 水质的检验(Check of Water Quality) 538
13.2 常用试剂的提纯(Purification of Common Reagents) 541
13.3 一些特殊实验用品的制备(Preparation of Special Test Substances) 549
13.4 玻璃器皿的洗涤及常用洗液配制(Glassware Cleaning aud Preparation of Cleaning Solutions) 552
13.5 玻璃量器的校准(Calibration of Volumetric Glasses) 553
13.5.1 玻璃量器的分类、等级及容量允差(Classification,Grade and Tolerances of Volumetric Glass Ware) 554
13.5.2 玻璃量器的容量校准方法(Calibration Method of Tolerances for Glass Measurer) 555
13.6.1 定量、可调移液器的容量允差及重复性(Capacity Toleranccs and Repeatability for Quantitative Pi-pettors and Adjustable pipettors) 564
13.6 定量、可调移液器的校准(Calibtation of Quantitative Pipettors and Adjustable Pipettors) 564
13.6.2 定量、可调移液器的容量校准(Calibration of To-lerances for Quantitative pipettors and Adjustable Pipettors) 566
13.7 物体高温的估测(High Temperature Estimate for Sub-stances) 569
13.8 试验筛(Test Sieves) 569
13.9 滤纸及玻璃滤器(Filter Paper and Glass Filter) 571
13.9.1 滤纸(Filter Paper) 571
13.9.2 玻璃滤器(Glass Filter) 574
13.10 致冷剂(Refrigerants) 575
13.11 干燥剂(Drying Agents) 578
13.12 气体吸收剂(Gas Absorbents) 583
13.13 粘合剂(Adbesive) 584
13.14 密封剂(Sealant) 585
13.15 常用加热浴(General Bath for Heating) 587
13.16 离子交换剂(Ion Exchanger) 588
13.17 表面活性剂(Surlace Active Agents) 590
14.1.1 易燃易爆物质(Flammable and Explosive Sub-stances) 594
14.1 危险化学品的分类(Classification of Dangerous Che-mical Products) 594
14 安全须知(Safety) 594
14.1.2 有毒物质与腐蚀性物质(Poisonous Substances and Corrosives) 601
14.1.3 放射性危险物(Radioactive Substances) 605
14.2 危险化学品的储存与保管(Storage of Dangerous Che-micals) 607
14.3 致癌物质(Carcinogenic Substances) 612
14.4 急救(First Aid) 614
14.4.1 由化学试剂造成的烧伤急救(First-Aid to Burn by Chemicals) 614
14.4.2 中毒急救(First Aid to Poisoning) 614
14.5 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度(The Highest Per-missible Concentration(HPC) of Poisonous Substances in Air at Workplace) 620
15 计量单位(Measurlng Unit) 625
15.1 国际单位制(SI Units) 625
15.2 可与SI单位并用的我国法定计量单位(Chinese Official Measuring Units being Usable With SI Units Simultaneously) 630
15.3 化学中常用量和法定计量单位(Common Chemical Quantities and Official Units of Measurement) 631
16 重要的物理常数(Important Physical Constants) 636
常用缩写词(Abbreviation) 638
主要参考文献(Reference) 680