CONTENTS 1
1．Longitude and Latitude 1
2．Rotation and Revolution of the Earth 7
3．Map Projections and Map Scale 12
4．The Major Classe of Landforms 16
5．Delta Plains 20
6．Aggradation and Alluvial Terraces 27
7．Sand Dunes 33
8．Features of the Shelf and Slope 38
9．Coral-Reef Shorelines 42
10．Limestone Caverns and Karst Landscapes 48
11．Volcanoes and Associated Landforms 54
12．The Results of Tectonic Activity 61
13．The K？ppen Climate Classification System 65
14．Mediterranean Climate 71
15．The Comprehensive Soil Classification System 75
16．Alfisols and Mollisols 79
17．The Water Balance 86
18．Equatorial Rainforest 92
19．Savanna Biome 98
20．Ecological Succession 103
21．The Andes 110
22．The Major Drainage Systems of Africa 115
23．The Pacific Ocean 121
24．Population 128
25．China 133
26．Classification of Cities 139
27．New York 144
28．Sheep and Cattle Ranching in Australia 149
29．The United States Corn Belt and Wheat Belt 153
30．Reclamation of New Land from the Sea 159
31．Industrial Development in the Urals 163
32．Persian Gulf Oil and the States That Produce It 169
33．Mineral Resources and Production in Africa 173
34．Manufacturing Industries and Industrial Resources in Japan 179
35．Ocean Trade and Its Carriers 185
36．Causes of Desertization 190
38．Areal Differences and Similarities—The Basis for Geographical Study 192
37．The Geographical Cycle 195
39．Spatial，Ecological and Regional Emphases in Present-day Geographical Work（Ⅰ） 203
40．Spatial，Ecological and Regional Emphases in Present-day Geographical Work（Ⅱ） 210
附：参考译文 215